10 Nisan 2018 Salı

Functions of the Heart and the Brain in Quran

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The Heart Has Its Own 'Brain' and Consciousness 


 Your heart has its own nervous system that is composed of approximately 40,000 neurons. These neurons are connected differently and more elaborately than elsewhere in the body and while they’re capable of detecting circulating chemicals sent from the brain and other organs, they operate independently in their own right. Having it’s own “mini-brain” is the reason why heart transplants work, given the fact that severed nerve connections do not reconnect in a different body. Furthermore, this elaborate nervous centre in the heart has more functions than simply regulating the electrical activities of the heart to keep it pumping.


Dr. J. Andrew Armour is a neurocardiologist that has shown some fascinating facts about the heart’s nervous system. You can review his book “Neurocardiology: Anatomical & Functional Principles” if you’re interested in the technical details. For example, while the heart can be influenced by messages sent from the brain, it doesn’t necessarily obey it all the time. Furthermore, the heart’s “mini-brain” can send its own signals to the brain and exercise its influence on it. To give one illustration: oxytocin, which is typically referred to as the “love hormone”, has been shown to be released not only from the brain, but also from the heart. Oxytocin is not only important for love and bonding, especially for pregnant and lactating mothers, but it also has roles in social behavior, wound healing, learning, memory, and empathy. In short, it’s one hormone that affects a very wide variety of important functions.
Now it’s time to hold on to your seat and try not to fall over, because if you thought these facts about the heart are surprising, the following will probably make your eyebrows fly off your face.
It’s generally assumed that learning and memory are a central nervous system function. Meaning, this is a function for that organ inside our heads. However, due to some bizarre, controversial and anomalous observations, there is a growing push towards a systemic memory mechanism. In other words, not to limit intelligence functions to the brain. This came from observations in organ transplant patients – more specifically, heart-transplant recipients.
In a study from 2002, researchers from the University of Arizona and University of Hawaii collaborated to publish a paper titled “Changes in Heart Transplant Recipients that Parallel the Personalities of their Donors”. Ten recipients who received heart or heart-lung transplants underwent evaluation through a series of open-ended interviews. These interviews involved the transplant recipients, recipient families or friends, and donor families or friends, in hospitals in various parts of the US. Several parallels were being investigated including, changes in food, music, art, sexual, recreational, and career preferences, as well as specific instances of perceptions of names and sensory experiences related to the donors.(by

What is the Heart-Brain? by sherry odom

The ICNS is located on the surface of the heart near the top of the atria (see Figure 1). Functionally, it is an intricate network of complex ganglia (see Figure 2), neurotransmitters, proteins, and support cells identical to the ones found in the cranial brain, performing similar tasks. And while much smaller in size - 40K neurons compared to the cranial brain’s 86B - the heart-brain equally has the capacity to learn, remember, make decisions, feel, and sense.

source:

The heart senses emotional information five to seven seconds before it happens, while the brain senses it three to five seconds beforehand. So not only are emotions important contributors to our output of thoughts, but they may be one of the best ways to influence and create a change in what and how we think.
 Heart-Brain Communication***
In 1974, the French researchers Gahery and Vigier, stimulated the vagus nerve (which carries signals from heart to the brain) in cats and found that the heart and nervous system were not simply following the brain’s directions.

Chapter 06: Energetic Communication | HeartMath Institute***



In 1983, the heart was reclassified as an endocrine gland when a new hormone called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which affects blood vessels, kidneys, adrenal glands and regulatory regions in the brain, was found to be being produced by the heart.
Dr. J. Andrew Armour discovered the heart also contains a cell type known as intrinsic cardiac adrenergic (ICA), which synthesizes and releases neurotransmitters once thought to be produced only by neurons in the brain and nerve ganglia.
The heart starts beating in an unborn fetus before the brain has been formed, a process scientists call “autorhythmic.”
Dr. Armour introduced the concept of a functional “heart brain” in 1991. Considered an independent entity, the heart’s brain is composed of an elaborate network of neurons, support cells and neurotransmitters which enables it to process information, learn, remember and produce feelings of the heart and then transmit this information from one cell to another.
“We observed the heart was acting as though it had a mind of its own and was profoundly affecting perception, intelligence and awareness,” explained McCraty.


According to Goleman, it’s a person’s EQ (Emotional Quotient) that enables them to succeed in life as much or more than their IQ (Intelligence Quotient).
During the ‘60s and ’70s pioneer physiologists John and Beatrice Lacey conducted research that showed that the heart actually communicates with the brain in ways that greatly affect how we perceive and react to the world around us.
Neurologist Antonio Damasio stresses the rationality of emotion in his book Descartes’ Error,where he emphasizes the importance of emotions in decision-making. He points out that patients with brain damage in the areas of the brain that integrate the emotional and cognitive systems can no longer effectively function in the day-to-day world, even though their mental abilities are perfectly normal.( via understandquran )

The Miracle of the Heart and its Thinking and Processing Capability ...***

Many interesting scientific researches are going on in this field. It is becoming a separate subject now. Those people who had gone through heart transplants also experienced strange feelings and started adopting the habits of the person from whom they got the heart. Yasha Kresh, PhD, Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Medicine, Research Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery says:
"It turns out that the heart has its own 'brain' - an intrinsic nervous system. It's not clear what it does or if it's subservient to the higher brain. But it's clear that it is there, and I believe it has a mission because evolution does not allow things to remain without purpose. We think this internal nervous system helps to fine-tune and integrate the heart's diverse activity.( via miraculousquran )

 

 Rollin McCraty and Mike Atkinson had made a research which was published in the annual meeting of The Pavlovian Society. They found that there is a relation between heart and the realization. They proved this relation by measuring the electromagnetic activity of heart and brain when people are trying to understand something. They found that when heart performance is in a low level, realizing also will be low.

The results of the Institute of Heart Math was marvelous .they found that when you speak or touch another person, the changes in your heart will affect the brain activities of the other person!! This means that your heart affects his brain

 

 

 

 

Today, amongst the physiology books you will discover that the function of this particular area of the cerebrum is to plan and initiate movements that occur in the anterior portion of the frontal lobes and this is a region of association cortex. It is also a location for motivation where it is thought to be functional centre for ‘aggression’. In the Quran, Allah states in 96:16 

‘A lying sinful forehead’.

The Quran notes that those who disbelieved will be dragged from the forehead. Thus how can today’s explanation of this particular area of the cerebrum linked to ‘lying, sinful forehead’? The prefrontal cortex is responsible for planning and initiating good and bad actions as well as for telling the truth and lies ( via hafsaabbas )
Noble Verse(s) 96:15-96:16 Shakir:
[096:015]  Nay! if he desist not, We would will certainly smite his forehead,
[096:016]  A lying, sinful forehead. Transliteration:
[096:015]  Kalla la-in lam yantahi lanasfaAAan bialnnasiyati [096:016]  Nasiyatin kathibatin khati-atin
Arabic (from right to left):
‏96:15 كلا لئن لم ينته لنسفعا بالناصية
‏96:16


According to
1.  Lisan Al-Arab dictionary [1] , Book 8, Page 750.
2.  Al-Muheet dictionary [2], Page 1229.
3.  Al-Muajam Al-Waseet dictionary [3], Page 927.
4.  Al-Mawrid dictionary Arabic-English section [4], Page 1152.
5.  Arabic-English dictionary the Hans Wehr dictionary [6], Page .
الناصية (al-naasiyah):  the forehead.
  •  قال الفراء في قوله تعالي" لنسفعن بالناصيه" ناصيته مقدمه راسه

    The Furaa' said that in Allah Almighty's Noble Verse " لنسفعن بالناصيه" (we will certainly smite his forehead),  ناصيته HIS NAASIYAH is the forehead.
     
  • قال الازهري: الناصيه عند العرب منبت الشعر في مقدمه الراس

    The Azhari said:  THE NAASIYAH الناصيه to the Arabs (of old) is the place where the hair grows on the beginning of the head (i.e., the forehead)
    •  SOURCE :

    www.answering-christianity.com/detailed_meanings_of_scientific_words_in_verses.htm

    The frontal part of the brain handles lies.

    For centuries it was thought that the frontal part of the human brain handled vision (simply because it is near the eyes). Today we know that this is false. The part that handles vision turned out to be at the rear of the brain. The front part of the brain is called the prefrontal cortex and is responsible for concocting lies. Pathological liars have more prefrontal white matter:
    "Liars showed a relatively widespread increase in white matter (23-36%) in orbitofrontal, middle and inferior, but not superior, frontal gyri compared with antisocial and normal controls. This white matter increase may predispose some individuals to pathological lying."

    Localisation of increased prefrontal white matter in pathological liars. Yang Y, Raine A, Narr KL, Lencz T, LaCasse L, Colletti P, Toga AW.  Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Feb;190:174-5. PubMed PMID: 17267937.
    Pathological liars have more white matter at the prefrontal cortex. But 1400 years before it was discovered the Quran said that disbelievers will be dragged from their lying forehead.
    [Quran 96.16] A lying sinful forehead.
    How could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have known that the frontal part of the brain handles lies?
    (The Christian Bible erroneously claims that there are four legged insects Leviticus 11:20. It also claims that there is an animal that has "flames stream from its mouth; sparks of fire shoot out. Smoke pours from its nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning reeds. Its breath sets coals ablaze, and flames dart from its mouth". Job 41:19-21
     SOURCE :

    Brain functions in Quran - Miracles of Quran

    •2 yr. ago•Edited 2 yr. ago

    ''are you asking why the Quran didn't say "frontal lobe" in the verse? lol

    the word used in Arabic is "Nasyah". its used to describe the front of the head in general. its also used in another verse to describe Allah's controll of all living creatures:

    "I have placed my trust in Allah—my Lord, and your Lord. There is not a living creature, but He holds it by its forelock. My Lord is on a straight path."

    but the curiouse thing is that the "Nasyah" of abu lahab was described as lying and sinful. it certainly doesn't mean the skin of his forhead, or the hair on that skin. and from the other verse it shows that this "Nasyah" has controll of decisions.

    its never going to be a use of exact terminology we use today because that is not what is important in the message of the Quran. and obviously the terminology wouldn't have been the same if it were used in the Quran.'' by skbraaah



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    Functional magnetic resonance imaging could reveal whether someone knows something they're not telling
    source :

    If a brain can be caught lying, should we use that evidence ...*


    Where in the Brain Does Deception Lie?

    By: Dan Hass, 2nd year PhD candidate in the Neuroscience Graduate Program

    In this game, subjects receive a reward based on the accuracy in guessing the results of a coin flip. In the experimental group, the accuracy in this game was self-reported, and individuals could lie for a greater reward. Because the visual and memory components of this study were mostly the same between groups, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) looking at the differences between these groups could dissect out areas associated with deception.

    800px-Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex

    Anterior cingulate cortex. Source: Mysid Brodmann (Wikimedia Commons)

    In this study, the anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the ventral and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, were more active in lying subjects [4]. This study is one of many that have found a correlation between two events (lying and the activation of the above brain areas). However, these data alone do not show where “lying lies.” The true test of which brain region is responsible for deception is whether a person that cannot activate that area is capable of lying.

    Although it is difficult to determine that a person is incapable of lying, previous studies have found interesting data suggesting that patients with Parkinson’s disease (a movement disorder) are less capable of deception than unaffected individuals. Fludeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography (fDG-PET), which can measure brain glucose uptake (and thus which areas of the brain need energy during or after activation), found less glucose uptake and thus a decreased metabolic rate in the left dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) cortex of Parkinson’s patients [5].

    992px-Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg

    Prefrontal cortex. Source: Henry Vandyke Carter (Wikimedia Commons)

    Furthermore, recent studies have been able to use repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which can selectively activate or repress the functions of specific brain regions, to selectively activate the dlPFC. Repetitive 1 Hz stimulation of the left dlPFC increased the honesty score of subjects in a “lying game”. These data demonstrate that by modulating the dlPFC, you can modulate truth-telling behavior [6].


    source:

    Where in the Brain Does Deception Lie?


    Anatomy of Language

    There are several areas of the brain that play a critical role in speech and language.

    • Broca’s area, located in the left hemisphere, is associated with speech production and articulation. Our ability to articulate ideas, as well as use words accurately in spoken and written language, has been attributed to this crucial area.
    • Wernicke’s area is a critical language area in the posterior superior temporal lobe connects to Broca’s area via a neural pathway. Wernicke’s area is primarily involved in the comprehension. Historically, this area has been associated with language processing, whether it is written or spoken.
    • The angular gyrus allows us to associate multiple types of language-related information whether auditory, visual or sensory. It is located in close proximity to other critical brain regions such as the parietal lobe which processes tactile sensation, the occipital lobe which is involved in visual analyses and the temporal lobe which processes sounds. The angular gyrus allows us to associate a perceived word with different images, sensations and ideas.
    • source :
    • Speech Language Pathology | Speech Language Pathologist

    The Functional Areas of the Brain - The Human Origin Project

    If you look closely at the verse, both the liar and the sinner are used. There are different areas responsible for speech, language, memory... but the frontal lobe is the only area responsible for both : sinning ; decision making, behavior, planning / and lying. And this expression is extraordinary and unusual.
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    Functional areas of the brain Diagram

    Function

    [edit] via wikipedia

    The entirety of the frontal cortex can be considered the "action cortex", much as the posterior cortex is considered the "sensory cortex". It is devoted to action of one kind or another: skeletal movement, ocular movement, speech control, and the expression of emotions. In humans, the largest part of the frontal cortex, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is responsible for internal, purposeful mental action, commonly called reasoning or prefrontal synthesis.

    The function of the PFC involves the ability to project future consequences that result from current actions. PFC functions also include override and suppression of socially unacceptable responses as well as differentiation of tasks.

    The PFC also plays an important part in integrating longer non-task based memories stored across the brain. These are often memories associated with emotions derived from input from the brain's limbic system. The frontal lobe modifies those emotions, generally to fit socially acceptable norms.[citation needed]

    Psychological tests that measure frontal lobe function include finger tapping (as the frontal lobe controls voluntary movement), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and measures of language, numeracy skills,[8] and decision making,[9] all of which are controlled by the frontal lobe.

    source:

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    between the backbone and ribs?

      warning : there are  a lot of alternative explanations A version of the above objection is misplaced. The Qur’ān does not refer to sperm, ...