Meanings of Sama: One of the meanings is absolute highness,Another meaning is just highness,Firmaments,Atmosphere,Also the word Sama as mentioned in some Hadiths can mean: stars; galaxies and clusters.
The word "Sema"; seh-mah is a derivative of the word "al-sumuw," meaning "height, sublimity." Every high and sublime thing is called "al-sema." The sky is called "Sema" because it is above the earth. The top and upper part of anything is also called "Sema." For example, mathematics is also called "Sema," because mathematics is a superior science. The upper part of anything is also called "Sema." The top of a shoe, the ceiling of a house – these are all examples of "Sema." Even clouds and rain are called "Sema." The verb ‘semâ’, which is the verb of ‘es-sema’, is used for the affairs of ‘hasîp’ [one who knows precise calculations, accountant] and ‘şerif’ [honorable, virtuous] people. This means that those who know good calculations [mathematics] are also ‘semâ’.” [1]
[1] Lisanü’l-Arab, vol. 4, pp. 695-697; entry for semâ]
Meanings of Ardh:One of the meanings is earth,Another meaning is land,One of the most indications of Ardh is seven Ardhean (plural of Ardh: The interior and lower part of the Universe)Also the word Ardh can mean a field, and a part of the land.In Arabic, the lower part of anything is called ardh. For example, the ardh of a vehicle, room and so on is its floor.
Moon:Qamer(القمر)/ Nur(النور) / Munir(منير)
Sun : Siraj(سراج)shams
Star : Najm(نجم)
But in some verses Allah used different words to talk about some other facts of universe.
Quran 41:12,67:5= Masabih(مَصَابِيحَ)= Lamps,brights/ filters(quran24:35)=atmosphere,auroras,van allen belts
Quran 37:6-10= Kawakib(كَوَاكِبِ)=natural Satellites- moons/ Asteroids/planets/ dwarf planets/comets
As regards the term 'arsh (lit., "throne" or "seat of power"), all Muslim
commentators, classical and modern, are unanimously of the opinion that its metaphorical use in
the Qur'an is meant to express God's absolute sway over all His creation. It is noteworthy that
in all the seven instances where God is spoken of in the Qur'an as "established on the throne of
His almightiness" (7:54, 10:3, 13:2, 20:5, 25:59, 32:4 and 57:4), this expression is connected
with a declaration of His having created the universe.-
2:255
GOD - there is no deity save Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Subsistent Fount of All Being.
Neither slumber overtakes Him, nor sleep. His is all that is in the heavens and all that is on
earth. Who is there that could intercede with Him, unless it be by His leave?
He knows all that lies open before men and all that is hidden from them,247 whereas they cannot
attain to aught of His knowledge save that which He wills [them to attain].
His eternal power248 overspreads the heavens and the earth, and their upholding wearies Him not.
And he alone is truly exalted, tremendous.
248 Lit., "His seat [of power]". Some of the commentators (e.g., Zamakhshari) interpret this
as "His sovereignty" or "His dominion", while others take it to mean "His knowledge"
(see Muhammad 'Abduh in Manar III, 33); Razi inclines to the view that this word denotes
God's majesty and indescribable eternal glory. by muhammad assad
VERSES WITH IMPORTANT ASTRONOMICAL (COSMOLOGICAL AND COSMOOENIC) CONNOTATIONS By: Dr. / Zaghloul El-Naggar
The cosmos is collectively referred to in the Glorious Qur’an under the term “heavens and earth”, or simply “heavens” and sometimes in the singular form “heaven, firmament or sky”. Such reference is made in (310) Qur’anic verses (190 in the plural and 120 in the singular form) to describe certain characteristics of the universe, successive stages in its creation, its final destruction and annihilation, as well as its recreation. These cosmic verses intervene the main message of this divine revelation, as a vivid testimony for the unlimited might, knowledge and wisdom of the Creator (S.W.T). They are not meant to be pieces of scientific information per se, as science is left for man to gain over a long span of time through careful observation and/or experimentation, followed by rational conclusion. Nevertheless, the Qur’an, being the word of the Creator (S.W.T.) , and the cosmos, being His creation, such cosmic Qur‘anic verses must convey the absolute truth about areas that cannot possibly be placed under the direct observation of man, such as the creation, annihilation and recreation of the universe. Consequently, early speculations about the origin of the universe in pre-Islamic civilizations, had glimpses of some facts borrowed from the successive divine revelations, but highly mixed with mythological assumptions and illusionary visions. An example for this mixture of truth and fallacies in polytheistic civilizations is the ancient Egyptians concept about the creation of the earth. This concept is symbolized in their legacy by drawing “Chou” (the mythological God of air), son of A’amoun Ra’a (the Fictitious God of the Sun) in a position where he is separating his sister “Nutt” (symbolic for the heaven) from his brother “Kepp” (who stands for the earth). Indeed, the concept of separating the earth from the rest of the universe is a divinely revealed fact, which was completely distorted in the ancient Egyptian mythology under the influence of deviation from monotheism to polytheism. Similarly, in the ancient Indian civilization a cosmic nucleus (or Golden Egg) which symbolizes the origin of the universe was believed to have emerged from water. However, the Noble Qur’an forcefully invites man to observe the universe rationally with discernment, and analyze the data collected from such observation critically, with meticulous assessment. It is only through such scientific questioning of the universe that man can discover the laws of creation, and applies them correctly for the proper fulfillment of his vicegerency on earth. This can be achieved by the successful development of man, his faculties and knowledge, and of life in general, as well as by the rational reflection on the Supremacy of The Creator, and hence, the willful submission to His glory peacefully and lovingly in worshipping and obedience. The discovery of the perfect concordance between the Qur’anic descriptions of the universe and its established facts can be a very convincing proof for the divine nature of the Qur’an and the authentic Prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh). Not only this, but the Qur’an can be a guiding light in the area of cosmogonic interpretations, because this is an area that can never fall directly under the human observation, despite the abundant traces for the successive stages of creation which are still preserved in outer space. Out of the 310 Qur’anic verses where the cosmos is mentioned, at least 166 carry evident cosmological and cosmogonic implications. Only 3 of such verses are discussed here as follows:
A- The Expanding nature of the Universe as indicated in the Glorious Qur’an: The Qur’an reads“With power did We construct the heaven. Verily, We are Able to extend the vastness of space thereof. ”
(Surat Adh-Dhariyat (The Winds that Scatter):49).
Early commentators on the Glorious Qur’an saw the significance of this verse in the context of the amazing vastness of the universe, and in the fact that who could make it that vast, is definitely capable of making it even much more enormous, extending its limits outwardly much further, and this is very true. However, after centuries of keen observations, and numerous hypotheses, theorems and interpretations, the American astronomer Vesto M. Slipher noticed in 1912 that, except for a few nearby systems such as the Andromeda galaxy, the spectral lines from the rest of the galaxies were shifted toward longer (red) wavelengths. This shift in wavelength, caused by the Doppler Effect, showed that most galaxies were receding from ours (the Milky Way) at several hundred kilometers per second. In 1929, another American astronomer, Edwin Powell Hubble noticed that the more remote the galaxy, the higher was its recession velocity. This important relationship has become known as the law of the red shifts, or Hubble’s law. It states that the recession velocity of a galaxy is proportional to its distance. The ratio of the recession velocity of a galaxy to its distance (generally known as the Hubble constant) is now estimated to be between 50 and 100 km/sec per mega parsec (1 mega parse = 1 million parsec, and 1 parsec = 3.258 light years). After discovering this cosmic phenomenon of red shift, there was no other plausible explanation for it except the implication that our universe is indeed steadily expanding. Because galaxies in all directions seem to recede from our own galaxy, it might be wrongly concluded that the Milky Way is at the center of the universe. This is not true, as one can imagine a balloon with evenly spaced dots painted on its outer surface. As the balloon is blown up, an observer on each spot would see all the other spots expanding away from it, just as observers from earth see all the galaxies receding from the Milky Way. This analogy provides a simple explanation for Hubble’s law: the universe is expanding like a balloon. This simple cosmological fact, which was deduced from the red shift phenomenon, less than 70 years ago, had already been explicitly mentioned in the Glorious Qur’an, 14 centuries earlier. Thus long precedence of the Qur’an to thousands of scientists who spent many centuries of astronomical observations and research, using sophisticated equipments and elaborate physical properties and mathematical calculations, is a living testimony to the divine purity of this last revelation and to the authenticity of Prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh) who received and passed it in its divine purity. The established fact that our universe is steadily expanding is so vital for both its physical existence and survival, that it becomes well-deserving to be mentioned in the Illustrious Qur’an, as one of the great signs of The Creator (S.W.T.).Not only this, but for our universe to be steadily expanding at such fantastic rates, without losing its coherence is one of the most striking and most fascinating aspects of our existence. B-The Big Bang, or the initial singularity of our cosmos as indicated in the Glorious Qur’an: In the Glorious Qur’an we read:“Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted them? And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" (Surat Al-Anbiya' (The Prophets):30). Early commentators saw in this verse a reflection on the unity of creation as a dominating factor in the orderly, wonderful universe, throughout its evolutionary history from one stage to another, which is true. However, long before discovering the established phenomenon of the red shift, and its logical consequence of describing our universe as an expanding one, scientists used Einstein’s theory of general relativity to extrapolate back in time and came to the striking conclusion that the universe had actually emerged from a single, unbelievably small, dense, hot region ( the hot Big Bang model of the universe). The model was formally proposed by George Gamow in 1948, after a lengthy discussion on other models of the universe by a number of workers ( e.g. Albert Einstein, 1917; William de Sitter, 1917; Alexander Friedmann, 1922; George Lemaire, 1927, etc.). Lemaitre is credited for introducing the idea of the “Primeval atom”, where galaxies originated as fragments, ejected by the explosion of this atom. In 1948, George Gamow modified Lemaitre hypothesis into the “Big Bang Theory” of the origin of the universe. In this theory, Gamow proposed that the universe was created in a gigantic explosion whereby the various elements observed today were produced within the first few minutes after the Big Bang, as the extremely high temperature and density of the universe would fuse subatomic particles into the chemical elements. More recent calculations indicate that hydrogen and helium were the primary products of the Big Bang, with heavier elements being produced later within stars. The extremely high density within the “primeval atom~ would cause the universe to expand rapidly. As it expanded, the smoky cloud of hydrogen and helium thus formed would cool and condense into stars, galaxies, clusters, super clusters, black holes, etc. This explains the original singularity of the universe, its explosion, then expansion, as well as the physical basis of Hubble’s law. As the universe expanded, the residual radiation (radiant heat) from the Big Bang continued to spread outwardly and to cool down gradually until about the 3K ( = - 2700 C) of today. This relic radiation was detected by radio astronomy in 1964, thus providing a direct material evidence for model. Further evidence in support for this model is provided by the chemical composition of the observed universe. This amounts to about 74% hydrogen and 24 * helium (by mass), with only traces of other elements that in total amount to about 2%. All the recorded hydrogen in the observed universe and almost all the recorded helium are primordial, although some helium is currently produced by the process of nuclear fusion within all the stars since the beginning of creation amounts to only a small percent. It is calculated that when the universe was 3 minutes old, its temperature must have been 109 0C. At such high temperature hydrogen was subject to nuclear fusion, leading to the formation of helium. Theoretical calculations show that the fusion reactions led to an abundance of about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium, which is a remarkable agreement with the observed abundance. This further confirms the hot, Big Bang model for the creation of the universe. The hot Big Bang model has steadily and successfully battled other explanations for the origin of the universe, and the model has been gradually refined with time. The “hot Big Bang model for the origin of the universe envisages a beginning from an extremely small, hot, dense initial state some 10 -15 billion years ago. This initial, minute body exploded, and started to expand, forming the still expanding, vast, cold universe of today. The model predicts the formation of nuclei, the relative abundances of certain elements, and the existence and exact temperature of the cosmic microwave, background radiation (or the glow of radiation left over from the initial explosion, which is currently permeating the universe). The prediction of the cosmic background radiation, made by Ralph A. Alpher of Union College and Robert Herman of the University of Texas at Austin, was confirmed by Arno Penzias and Robert W. Wilson of Bell Laboratories in 1964.. Despite its success, the hot Big Bang model leaves many features of the universe unexplained. For example, the universe today includes a vast number of regions that could never have been in causal contact at any stage in their entire history. These regions are moving away from one another at such a rate that any information, even traveling at the speed of light, could not cover the distance between them. This “horizon problem” makes it difficult to account for the striking uniformity of the cosmic background radiation. Other unexplained features in the hot Big Bang model include the “flatness problem”, the origin of large scale structures such as galaxies, galactic clusters and super clusters, etc. In 1980, Alan H. Guth of M.I.T. suggested a further refinement of the Big Bang model which he called “the inflationary universe scenario. In this scenario, the universe is believed to have started with a very brief, but exceedingly rapid period of expansion (for about 10-30 second), matter consisted of scalar-field particles (while in the hot, Big Bang model, the matter content of the universe is presumed to have been a uniformly distributed plasma or dust). As mentioned by J.J. Halliwell (1991), the origin of the universe in the inflationary scenario can be explained as follows: by following the expansion of the universe backward in time, the size of this vast, complex universe tends to zero.
Here the strength of the gravitational field and the energy density of matter tend to infinity. This means that the universe appears to have emerged from a singularity; a region of infinite curvature and energy density at which the known laws of physics break down. These conditions are a consequence of the famous U singularity theorems”, proved in 1960 by Stephen W. Hawking and Roger Penrose of the University of Oxford. These theorems showed that under reasonable assumptions any model of the expanding universe extrapolated backward in time will encounter an initial singularity. The singularity theorems do not imply, however, that a singularity will physically occur. Rather, the theory predicting them - classical general relativity - breaks down at very high curvatures and must be superseded by the quantum theory. Near a singularity, space - time becomes highly curved; its volume shrinks to very small dimensions, and here only the quantum theory can be applied. Quantum cosmologists began a few decades ago (since the 1960s) to address the problems of the origin and evolution of the universe in a more subtle way than classical astronomy. Quantum cosmology attempts to describe a system -fundamentally - in terms of its wave function. Yet, many conceptual and technical difficulties arise. At the singularity, space becomes infinitely small, and the energy density infinitely great. To look beyond such a moment, requires a complete, quantum theory of gravity, which is currently lacking. Whether to accept the hot Big Bang model of the universe, or its modified inflationary scenario explanations on the basis of conventional or quantum astronomy, the established fact is that our universe emerged from a single, infinitesimally small, dense, hot source. To agree or differ on the events that unfolded since that moment, including the formation of matter, followed by its coalescence into galaxies, stars, planets and chemical systems, does not change the fact of the one singularity from which our universe was created. The Qur’anic precedence with this fact at time when nobody had the slightest knowledge of it or even for several centuries after the revelation was received is indeed most striking. The objective notion to this Qur’anic verse in the right context of a science course can indeed be spirit lifting and enlightening for the younger Muslim generations of students and faculty.
C- The Big Crunch, or the destruction and annihilation of our cosmos in the Glorious Qur’an: Commenting on the process of destruction, annihilation and recreation of the universe, the Illustrious Qur’an reads:“And (remember) the Day when We shall roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books, as We began the first creation, We shall repeat it, (it is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it.” (Surat Al-Anbiya (The Prophets):104).
Early commentators on the Glorious Qur’an, saw in this verse a divine promise to fold up the universe like a scroll of parchment folds the contents of books written on its inner side, and that as Allah (S.W.T.) created all this universe out of nothing, He can destroy it to nothing, and create an entirely new one. This interpretation is correct, but from the purely semantic analysis of the verse it clearly implies that in as much as the present-day universe started from an initial singularity, its end will come again to the same form, through the folding and rolling up of the universe like a scroll folds the letters, words and sentences written inside it as it is rolled up. In clear concordance with this interpretation, the most widely accepted “hot Big Bang model” for the origin of our expanding universe (Gamow, 1948), implies that such expansion cannot continue for ever, but it has to end in a reverse process of contraction. Due to such contraction all of the material of the universe would eventually come back to a central point (exactly similar to what the universe initially began with), in an implosion that would annihilate all forms of matter (atoms, molecules, compounds, planets, stars; galaxies, galactic clusters and super clusters, etc.). The result would be a singularity-identical to the initial one - that will explode and start the production of an earth other than ours and of heavens different from the present-day ones, in exactly the same way the initial singularity behaved. The scientific reason behind this expectation is the fact that the motion of recession of the galaxies in our expanding universe does not proceed with constant velocity. The force of gravitation attracts these galaxies, super galaxies and clusters to each other. This mutual attraction tends to decelerate the expansion, despite the very weak pull of gravity in view of the enormous inter-galactic distances. Nevertheless, this very small deceleration can become important in the long run, to the extent of hindering the process of expansion to a big halt. If this motion of galactic recession stops, then the galaxies will begin to fall back towards each other. The universe will then start to contract, the galaxies will gradually come closer together, the gravitational pull will become gradually greater, and the velocities of contraction will be come excessively larger with time. Finally, the galaxies will collide with one another, and the universe will collapse in a cosmic implosion, generally described as the “Big Crunch”. This cosmic disaster will end by an extremely small, hot, dense singularity, identical to the initial singularity which exploded in the “First Big Bang”.
This second singularity is also expected to explode in a “Second Big Bang”, leading to a new cosmos. The most widely accepted scenario of "The First Big Bang”, followed by the formation of smoky nebulae in which the nuclei of matter started to form, small and large scale structures started to condense from fluctuations in the density of matter that would have seeded galaxies, followed by the expansion (or inflation) of the universe, then its expected contraction (or Big Crunch), the expected “Second Big Bang”, followed by the creation of new cosmos, are beautifully described in the following 5 Qur’anic verses" Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted them? And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" (Surat Al-Anbiya (The Prophets):30);
"Then He rose over (Istawa) towards the heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth: "Come both of you willingly or unwillingly." They both said: "We come willingly." (Surat Fussilat (They are explained in detail):11);
"With power did We construct the heaven. Verily, We are Able to extend the vastness of space thereof." (Surat Adh-Dhariyat (The Winds that Scatter):47) ;
"And (remember) the Day when We shall roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books, as We began the first creation, We shall repeat it, (it is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it." (Surat Al-Anbiya (The Prophets):104) and "On the Day when the earth will be changed to another earth and so will be the heavens, and they (all creatures) will appear before Allah, the One, the Irresistible." (Surat Ibrahim (Abraham):48). In any Islamic science curriculum such Qur’anic verses cannot be overlooked. These represent the word of The Creator, in an area (of origin, annihilation and recreation of the universe) which does not fall within the direct observation of man. As man’s knowledge in that area cannot exceed the limit of theorization, these 5 Qur’anic verses come to us as a guiding light for choosing between heaps of human ideas, that can do no more than confusing the human intellect.
Allah revealed in Qur’an 13:2: “Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see;
is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected
the sun and the moon (to his Law)! Each one runs (its course) for a term
appointed. He doth regulate all affairs, explaining the signs in
detail, that ye may believe with certainty in the meeting with your
Lord.” The
words “that ye can see” refers to both invisibility and presence. The
heavens, like the earth do have pillars/support, and they are invisible.
These “pillars” are the centrifugal and magnetic forces or “laws of
gravitation” that keep them from falling.
Allāh tells us: “He
it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days – and His
Throne was over the waters – that He might try you, which of you is best
in conduct. But if thou wert to say to them, “Ye shall indeed be raised
up after death”, the Unbelievers would be sure to say, “This is nothing
but obvious sorcery!” –(Qur’an 11:7). Throne siginifies Power and water signifies creation. Allāh’s Throne being over water simply means that His Power extends over all things. “The meaning of ‘arsh (“Throne of Power”) has been explained in 7:54b…What is the relation between water and the manifestation of the Power of God, for which the ‘arsh stands? This is explained by the Qur’an itself: “And We made from water everything living” (21:30). Man
is the highest developed form of life, and life is due to water. The
great power of God which is manifested in the creation of man is thus
connected with water. And as physical life grows out of water, so
spiritual life grows out of revelation, which is so often compared with
rain or water. God’s great power has thus been made manifest through
water, and hence with the creation of the heavens and the earth is
mentioned the fact that God’s Throne of Power is ever on the waters.” ‘Arsh (“Throne of Power”) literally means a thing constructed for shade (LL), or anything roofed (R). According to the latter authority the court or sitting-place of the king is called ‘arsh on account of its eminence. And he adds: It is used to indicate might or power and authority and dominion. LL accepts the interpretation of R, who says that “the ‘arsh of God is one of the things which mankind know not in reality but only by name, and it is not as the imaginations of the vulgar hold it to be”.
Allāh reveals in Qur’an 36:40: “Neither is it for the sun to overtake (or catch up to) the moon, nor can the night outstrip the day. And all float on in an orbit.”
“Though
the sun and the moon both traverse the belt of the Zodiac, and their
motions are different, they never catch up each other. When the sun and
the moon are on the same side and on a line with the earth there is a
solar eclipse, and when on opposite sides in a line, there is a lunar
eclipse, but there is no clash …Similarly, Night and Day follow each other, but being opposite cannot coincide.” Thus, the sun and moon not being able to “catch up” to the other means they do not “clash.”
Allāh reveals in His Qur’an 3:27: “Thou
makest the night to pass into the day and Thou makest the day to pass
into the night; and Thou bringest forth the living from the dead and
Thou bringest forth the dead from the living; and Thou givest sustenance
to whom Thou pleasest without measure.” In
creating the earth a sphere and rotating Allāh has thus created night
and day. While parts of the earth are in “day” mode parts are in “night”
mode.
That Allāh says the sun and moon are used for reckoning time does not
mean they have no other use(s). While we basically wear garments to
cover our private(s), garments can also beautify us, make comfortable,
conceal blemish, and protect from the elements
Allāh tells us in His Qur’an 57:21: “Vie one with another for forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden the extensiveness of which is as the extensiveness of the heaven and the earth.” It
could be quipped that the Garden is extensive as only ONE ‘heaven and
earth’ and that the other six “heavens and earths,” as Allāh says He
created SEVEN
It is difficult to say whether these are referred to
in the Quran with the same exact meaning that is given
to the heavenly bodies in the present day.
The planets do not have their own light. They revolve
around the Sun, Earth being one of them. While one may
presume that others exist elsewhere, the only ones known
are those in the solar system.
Five planets other than Earth were known to the
ancients: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Three
have been discovered in recent times: Uranus, Neptune and
Pluto.
The Quran would seem to designate these by the word kaukab
(plural kawakib) without stating their number.
Joseph's dream (sum 12) refers to eleven of them, but the
description is, by definition, an imaginary one.
A good definition of the meaning of the word kaukab
in the Quran Seems to have been given in a very famous
verse. The eminently spiritual nature of its deeper
meaning stands forth, and is moreover the subject of much
debate among experts in exegesis. It is nevertheless of
great interest to offer an account of the comparison it
contains on the subject of the word that would seem to
designate a 'planet'.
Here is the text in question: (sura 24, verse 35)
"God is the light of the heavens and the earth.
The similitude of His light is as if there were a niche
and within it a luminary. The luminary is in a glass. The
glass is as if it were a planet glittering like a
pearl."
Here the subject is the projection of light onto a
body that reflects it (glass) and gives it the glitter of
a pearl, like a planet that is lit by the sun. This is
the only explanatory detail referring to this word to be
found in the Quran.
The word is quoted in other verses. In some of them it
is difficult to distinguish which heavenly bodies are
meant (sura 6, verse 76; sura 82, verses 1-2).
In one verse however, when seen in the light of modern
science, it would seem very much that these can only be
the heavenly bodies that we know to be planets. In sura
37, verse 6, we see the following:
"We have indeed adorned the lowest heaven with an
ornament, the planets."
Is it possible that the expression in the Quran
'lowest heaven' means the 'solar system'? It is known
that among the celestial elements nearest to us, there
are no other permanent elements apart from the planets:
the Sun is the only star in the system that bears its
name. It is difficult to see what other heavenly bodies
could be meant if not the planets. The translation given
would therefore seem to be correct and the Quran to
refer to the existence of the planets as defined in
modern times.
Al-Inshiqaq 84:18-20
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
And [I
swear by] the moon when it is
full, you will mount up stage by stage!
What is the matter with them, that they have no faith?
After swearing by the
Moon, in the above verses Allah said that people will mount up stage by stage.
The term tarkabunna comes from the verb rakiba,
(to mount, walk on a path, follow,
embark upon, set about, participate, or rule). In the light of these
meanings, it is very likely that the expression "you will mount up stage by stage"
refers to a spacecraft to be boarded.
Ar-Rahman
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
O company of jinn and
men, if ye have power to penetrate (all) regions of the heavens and the earth,
then penetrate (them)! Ye will never penetrate them save with (Our) sanction.
(33)
Our entire Solar System is flying through space,
orbiting the center of the galaxy at the incredible speed of over 900,000 km/hr (560,000 miles/hr). It
takes 225 million -250 million years
for its one cycle or rotation.So, even
while you think you are standing still on Earth, you are moving at very high
speeds in three dimensions, (1st its rotation on its own axis, 2nd
its orbital motion around sun and 3rd all solar system orbiting the
center of the galaxy).It’s a good thing
we have Earth’s gravity holding onto us.In fact, all the stars you see in
the sky are orbiting the Milky Way at similar speeds, like a high-speed
merry-go-round in space.
Can we fly out of our galaxy and beat the speed of 900,000 km/hr or 250 km/sec? may be in future but…
Please remember from the prior journey in past that the fastest
speed ever achieved by human beings was 11 km/sec, the speed attained by
the Apollo spacecraft.
Well, how many
days, weeks, months or years would it take Apollo (or you) to reach the
nearest star to Earth (aside from our own sun)? To calculate it, we
first have to determine how far away the star is from us in kilometers.
That’s easy. Proxima Centauri
is about 4.23 LY away, and 1 LY = 9.46 x 1012 km. So,
the star is 4.23 x (9.46 x 1012)
= 4.0 x 1013 km (40 trillion kilometers) (in miles, that’s
24.7 trillion miles (2.5 x 1013 miles)). Now, just divide the
distance to the star in km by 11 km/sec (the speed of Apollo),
and you’ll find the time it would take to get there in seconds.
Convert that to years (I’ll leave that to you).
One (1) ly = 9.46 x 1012 km, or 5.87 x 1012
miles. That is 9.46 trillion
km (5.87 trillion miles). Obviously, that is a stupendous
number. Written out, it is
9,460,000,000,000 km or 5,870,000,000,000
mi.
You should have discovered that to reach the nearest star to
us at the fastest speed ever achieved by
people, would take you … over 115,000 years! That is almost 6,000
generations … of your children, and grandchildren, and great
grandchildren, and their children’s children’s children’s children … watching out
your ship’s front window … living and dying … century after century, millennia
after millennia. 115,000 years …
just to reach the closest star to us. That is 20 times longer
than all of human recorded history, back to the days of our most ancient civilizations
… 20 times longer!
If you left Earth at the time of the ancient Greeks 4,000 years ago, you would
only be less than 4% of the way to the star by now.
Can you think to fly out of our Milky Way Galaxy? A galaxy is a giant rotating clump of stars, gas and space dust in space. When we
say, “giant”,
we mean Colossal! The Milky
Way is the name of the galaxy containing our Solar
System. That haze in front of you is stars … billions of individual stars and gas
and dust and space rocks. Their mutual gravitational attraction is
pulling them (and us) together
The
Milky Way galaxy in fact, is estimated to have about 500 billion (500,000,000,000)
stars in it. Our solar system is within red mark in the above picture.Please read the article “Our Solar
System” and “How big is the Universe?”
Remember that each star is a very long
way
from every other one, so putting 500 billion stars together in a galaxy
takes a LOT of room.
The Milky Way, for example, is at
least 100,000 light years in
diameter (that’s
950,000,000,000,000,000,000 km).
If traveling at the fastest speed ever
reached by humans, it would take you over 2.7
BILLION YEARS to cross our galaxy from one side to another. By
car, it would take you … 1,100 TRILLION
years!God Almighty is great.
Who can think even to cross the milky way?
When astronomers peer into space, they see a spidery network along walls and filaments….In the largest calculation of its type, Max Planck astronomers and their colleagues within an international consortium have used a T3E supercomputer to study how the matter in a large fraction of the whole observable Universe evolved into the complex web of walls and filaments discovered in recent galaxy maps.Observations indicate galaxies are distributed in a filament-dominated web-like structure. Numerical experiments at high and low redshift of viable structure formation theories also show filament-dominance. The web is largely defined by the position and primordial tidal fields of rare events in the medium, with the
strongest filaments between nearby clusters whose tidal tensors are nearly aligned
According to the Quran, the heavens encompass everything we see when we look up, including our atmosphere and the universe. Therefore, the term "heavens" in the Quran sometimes refers to the atmosphere and sometimes to the entire universe. In other words, according to the Quran, the heavens are sometimes the atmosphere and sometimes the entire universe.
The word "Kushitat" used in this verse means to strip off a covering that has been placed on something. What a miraculous word to use to describe the atmosphere flying away, isn't it? A long time ago, Mars' atmosphere was also stripped away and escaped into space due to a solar flare.by kurtuluş berzan
According to the Quran, the heavens encompass everything we see when we look up, including our atmosphere and the universe. Therefore, the term "heavens" in the Quran sometimes refers to the atmosphere and sometimes to the entire universe. In other words, according to the Quran, the heavens are sometimes the atmosphere and sometimes the entire universe.
The
Shooting Stars
(Shahab)
Quran Miracle is confirmed by
Science! This is
indeed one of the Glorious Quran's Top Stunning Miracles! The Gamma Ray
Bursts and Cosmic Jets affirm to the Truth of Noble Verse
67:5 and the other ample Noble Verses in the Glorious Quran, that I
provided in the article. Also, the Miracle of Copper in
Noble Verse 55:35 is
also thoroughly confirmed with 10s of pictures, references, quotations and
proofs from ample Scientific sources.
By the Heaven, of Towers “Bouroug” (1) [Al-bouroug]
The word “Bouroug” means in Arabic: towers, forts, or castles. So, where does this exist in space? Is it related to stars linked with galaxy but far from its center? Like in this figure for Milky way:
Or it meant the towers of Gas that were seen in the space as in the below figure:
5- Sky Listening Chairs (locations, or Stations)
It’s mentioned in Chapter of Jinn the following interesting verses:
'And they thought as you thought, that Allâh will not send any Messenger (to mankind or jinn). (7) 'And we have sought to reach the heaven; but found it filled with stern guards and flaming fires.(8) 'And verily, we used to sit there in stations, to (steal) a hearing, but any who listens now will find a flaming fire watching him in ambush. (9) [Jinn]
But, here we have critical questions to answer:
Q- How were the Jinn able to reach the roof of universe (heaven) in that short time? (Worm tunnels !!).
Q- What are the stations that are located near universe roof, so they can hear (see) the future from? Can Mankind reach such point too? (Time shift maybe !!)..
Q- What kind of stars that send on them fire flames? (shooting stars)
6- Shooting Stars:
Is it related to fusion from some giant stars shouting the devils as shown in the below figure [15]:
Is it the same what ALLAH explained in Quran as following:
And indeed We have adorned the nearest heaven with lamps (stars), and We have made such lamps (as) missiles to drive away the Shayâtin (devils), and have prepared for them the torment of the blazing Fire (5) [Al-Mulk]
Finally, a message from ALLAH to all scientists who see such signs by their own eyes and due to their own work:
We will show them Our Signs in the universe, and in their own selves, until it becomes manifest to them that this (the Qur'ân) is the truth. Is it not sufficient in regard to your Lord that He is a Witness over all things? (53)
Verily, they are in doubt concerning the Meeting with their Lord? (i.e. Resurrection after their death, and their return to their Lord). Verily! He it is Who is surrounding all things! (54) [Chapter 41]
16. “And indeed, We have established constellations in the sky and We have decorated them for the beholders,”
The Arabic term /burūj/ originally signifies ‘emergence’, and a woman who shows off his ornaments in Arabic is said: /taburrajat-il-mar’ah/. The Arabic term /burj/ also refers to a palace, and those high-raised buildings which present special splendours. In this verse the celestial globes, or their locations, are likened to constellations.
As the earth rotates around the sun, an imaginary circle is formed which is called ‘the Zodiac’. This circle is divided into twelve equal zones within either of which certain stars via al-islam .org
ب ر ج = Ba-Ra-Jiim = Anything being, becoming apparent, manifest, conspicuous and/or high or elevated A structure, tower, fortress or walls of a city, a structure or construction that has the characteristics of conspicuousness, height and strength A woman showing or displaying finery, ornaments, form or countenance to men or strangers conspicuously A sign of the Zodiac, mansions/stations of the moon, or the stars/constellations, gates of heaven metaphorically Constitution of the eye which is such that the white entirely surrounds the black part and no part of the black being concealed or the clearness of the parts, or the width and largeness of the eyeball A large and liberal disposition A vessel or receptacle in which milk is churned or in which the butter of the milk is extracted by agitation A garment having figures of towers/walls of a city etc buruj n.m. (pl. of burj) 4:78, 15:16, 25:61, 85:1 tabarraja vb. (5) impf. act. 33:33 n.vb. 33:33 pcple. act. 24:60 LL, V1, p: 217 ## http://ejtaal.net/aa/#q=brj
This is a picture of a 10-million-light year cosmic bridge that joins between two groupings of galaxies …
This is a picture of a 10-million-light year cosmic bridge that joins between two groupings of galaxies. Scientists affirm that the universe is rich in giant structures such as bridges and walls and they are made of galaxies and form solid cosmic buildings. All glory to Allah, the almighty who talks about such structures in the holy Qur’an using a wonderful expression which is zodiac. Allah, the exalted says in the holy Qur’an:
It is We Who have set out the zodiacal signs in the heavens, and made them fair-seeming to (all) beholders;” Hijr or the Rocky Tract: 15: 16
contemplate the galaxies of the universe, we’ll realise that such galaxies consist of billions of stars and such stars adorn the sky, heavens …
This is a picture of a galaxy that dives in the spacious universe and it contains minimum 100,000,000,000 stars …
This is a picture of a galaxy that dives in the spacious universe and it contains minimum 100,000,000,000 stars. This galaxy along with billions of other galaxies constitute a marvelous cosmic structure that proves the mighty and greatness of Allah, the creator, so blessed be Allah, the best to create. Here it becomes evident that the word of Allah, the exalted asserts the truth of these giant bodies which the holy Qur’an refers to as zodiacal signs and by which Allah, the almighty calls to witness; Allah says in the holy Qur’an:
“By the sky, (displaying) the Zodiacal Signs” Buruj: 85:1
The Individual Protection of Stars;by Prof. Dr. İbrahim Esinler
This protection of the Sun is not unique to the Sun. The stars we see in the sky must also have a protection system, just like the Sun. Currently, it is not possible to scientifically determine this. However, since the laws of physics are the same everywhere in the universe, this mechanism that occurs in the Sun must also exist in other stars. We know that planetary systems have formed in most of the stars we see when we look at the sky. The Kepler spacecraft discovered many exoplanets. It is almost certain that there is life on these planets. According to the Quran, even beings more intelligent than us evolved on planets orbiting these stars. This means that they also have systems protecting them, similar to the protection system in our solar system.
The Holistic Protection of Stars;
The verse states that what is protected is the sky. According to the verses, since the Sun, Moon, and stars are in this sky, it is thought that this protected sky is our Milky Way galaxy.
Is there a system protecting our Milky Way galaxy?
Research has shown that intergalactic cosmic radiation exists. We've seen that the Earth's magnetic field protects the Earth's sky, and the solar system (the solar sky) is protected by the Sun's magnetic field and the solar storms that erupt from these magnetic fields. But is there a galactic magnetic field protecting our galaxy?
The answer was given in 2020. The giant black hole Sagittarus A at the center of our Milky Way galaxy creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field seen at the center of our galaxy is shown in the image below.
I recommend reading the study whose details are given below. The images are taken from this study.
Magnetic Fields in the Milky Way and in Galaxies, Rainer Beck & Richard Wielebinski, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany, Chapter 13 in: Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems, Vol. 5, ed. G. Gilmore, Springer, Berlin 2013. Revised version of March 2021
The SOFIA-Hubble space telescope detected magnetic fields in the Sagittarus A region at the center of our Milky Way galaxy. The image below shows these flow lines. It has been understood that these magnetic fields can control the surrounding material despite the black hole's incredibly strong gravitational force. In other words, they are extremely powerful.
The substance that keeps the universe together from the great collapse is dark matter. Even though dark matter is invisible, it surrounds and holds the entire universe, like the steel constructions of a building. Even with a small break in the dark matter pattern, billions of galaxies would collide. The Qur'an says, look at the sky, can you see cracks, if you look for it, you will get tired but you will not find it. At the same time, he says, God holds the heavens so that they do not collapse. Yes, there is no expression that can describe dark matter as miraculously as these two verses by bilim ve yaratılış
Dark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that cannot be seen with telescopes but accounts for most of the matter in the universe. The existence and properties of dark matter are inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, on radiation, and on the large-scale structure of the universe. Dark matter has not been detected directly, making it one of the greatest mysteries in modern astrophysics.
This Hubble Space Telescope composite image shows a ghostly "ring" of dark matter in the galaxy cluster Cl 0024+17. Credit: NASA, ESA, M.J. Jee and H. Ford (Johns Hopkins University)
The new maps show that in some places there are large amounts of dark matter, while in others it is almost entirely absent. The researchers who made the maps also looked at the location of regular matter — huge clusters of galaxies — and show that the two appear to be linked: the galaxy clusters tend to lie close to where the dark matter lies.
taken by the Dark Energy Survey, was released yesterday (April 13) here at the April 2015 meeting of the American Physical Society. The new map is in agreement with current theories, which suggest that the enormous gravitational pull of dark matter would pull regular matter toward it -- bringing the dark universe and light universe together. [Gallery: Dark Matter Throughout the Universe]
The Quranic verse: He created the heavens without pillars you can see
Implies that the creation of the heavens with
1- Invisible matter
2- It is in the form of pillars.
3- Its function is to stabilize the heaven lest it should shake. This is deduced from the continuation of the verse which mentions the role of mountains lest the earth should shake.
Perhaps there is some truth in the above reference that the enormous gravitational pull of dark matter would pull regular matter toward it -- bringing the dark universe and light universe together
4- The mention of making plants in pairs in the same verse 31:10 might be a hint to the nature of dark matter. Perhaps it is made of anti matter and Allah knows best. It may be what is left over from the highly condensed original matter left over from the cosmic egg.“He created the heavens without pillars that you see and has cast into the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift with you, and dispersed therein from every creature. And We sent down rain from the sky and made grow therein [plants] of every noble kind (31:10)”. CHAPTER Lukman
Verse 31:10 is referring to invisible pillars of dark matter
Present day estimation of the matter in the cosmos isdark matter and ordinary (baryonic) 26.8% and 4.9% respectively (Wikipedia)
matter% = Baryonic matter% + DARK MATTER %
31.7 % = 4.9 % + 26.8 %
we see less than 5% of the cosmos
weWe will adopt the Quran code 31.10 for the percentage of matter in the cosmos
Note that according to verse 31:10
The characteristic of dark matter are as follows:
It is invisible
It is in the form of pillars.
Its function is to stabilize the cosmos.
the last point is inferred from the following statement about the function of mountains in the same verse
and has cast into the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift withyou Now look at the pillars of dark matter with trillions of galaxy of clusters embedded in it
Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see, ….13:2
This verse is taking about dark energy.
Dark energy is the most accepted hypothesis to explain the observations since the 1990s indicating that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate contrary to expectation.
This is the second elevation after the inflation that occurred following the big bang.The first inflation is mentioned in Surat Al Naziaat:
Are you more difficult to create, or is the heaven that He constructed? (27).
He raised the height thereof leveled it, (79:28).
Verse 28 is referring to the construction of the heaven. Most important is that this inflation led to leveling up of the cosmos. Observations of the cosmic microwave background demonstrate that the universe is very nearly flat (Deceleration parameter, Wikipedia, Deceleration parameter - Wikipedia).By the heaven with crochet (51:7).
The number of the verse indicates that this heaven is the 7th heaven. This is supported by the following map of the cosmos.
Arabic meanings of habk means strain. If the strain is eased in order to carry a burden this also hubkh .الحُبْكة
Knit a knot means to make it strong and tight. And habk the heaven means also its ways.
In the Holy Quran وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ (7)
means the ways or roads of stars. Abo Isaq said it means beautiful ways. Also means well done.
Indeed, now that computer images of the cosmic web are revealed, we can describe it as beautiful strained knitting of a net work composed of dark matter presenting roads or ways of stars, galaxies, clusters and super clusters of galaxies which beautifully decorates the network (Fig 5). The knots of the network are tightened. No stars are found outside these roads.
These galaxies network is surely perfect and well done.
Gravitational waves must have great impact on crochet structuring of this upper seventh heaven in this strained ways or web. In addition the inclusion of this seventh verse in sūrat l-dhāriyāt (the winds which carry atoms) indicates the emission of strong cosmic rays emitted from the multitude of galaxies of stars embedded in the dark matter which forms the skeleton of the heaven with crochet.
These galaxies network is surely perfect and well done.Gravitational waves must have great impact on crochet structuring of this upper seventh heaven in this strained ways or web. In addition the inclusion of this seventh verse in sūrat l-dhāriyāt (the winds which carry atoms) indicates the emission of strong cosmic rays emitted from the multitude of galaxies of stars embedded in the dark matter which forms the skeleton of the heaven with crochet.
Let us return to earlier verses
then the burden-bearers (2)
then the runners with ease (3)
Verse 2 may refer to the dark MATTER pillars which their strain are released on carrying excessive weights of supper clusters of galaxies.
As to verse (3), the word run is used in the Quran to describe the motion of the sun
"And the sun -- it runs to a fixed resting-place; that is the ordaining of the All-mighty, the All-knowing (36:38)".
Chapter (36) sūrat ya sin
then the runners with ease (3)
Could be referring to the motion of stars, galaxies and galaxy clusters. Actually they do move within the dark matter pillars.
Most important is the Devine oath with the cosmic web which indicates the greatness and importance of such web which is the seventh heaven, the outer most heaven which underlines the thick covering protective edge of the cosmos.
This cover would be removed at the end of the cosmos
The seventh verse is covered by a thick preserving envelop
وَإِذَا السَّمَاءُ كُشِطَتْ (11) سورة التكوير
Chapter (81) sūrat l-takwīr (The Overthrowing)
"And when the heaven has its covering removed (81:11)"THE LOCALITY OF STARS
You see as the Holy Quran indicates, pillars of dark matter with trillions of clusters of galaxies embedded in the dark matter pillars.
These are the positions of stars. Clusters and super clusters of galaxies are found within pillar routes of dark invisible matter. Note that these pillars like strings are curved as the great galaxies weights they carry induce strain. Note also that the knots are tightened. These characteristics are understood from the Arabic word حبك
hubok which points to tightening of knots, relaxation due to carrying the burden. It also indicates the beauty of this knitting and decoration by stars as well as the perfectness of this heaven. Notice also the variability of thickness of these dark matter pillars which could present different stages of evolution.
سورة الواقعة
Nay, I swear by the positions of the stars (75) And indeed, it is an oath - if you could know - [most] great (76). Indeed, it is surely a noble Quran (77) In a Book kept (maknoon) hidden (well guarded) (78) None touch it except the purified (79) A sending down from the Lord of the 'Al Alameen' worlds (56:80).
A sending down from the Lord of the 'Al Alameen' worlds (56:80).
This is the cosmos, pillars of dark matter with multitudes of super clusters of galaxied
Yusuf Ali Q 70:3 (A Penalty) from Allah, Lord of the Ways of Ascent.
70 .4 The angels and the Spirit will ascend to Him during a Day the extent of which is fifty thousand years.
This is an ambiguous theme the meaning of which cannot be determined precisely. We neither have any knowledge of the reality of the angels, nor can understand the nature of their ascent via islamicstudies.info
72:9 'We used, indeed, to sit there in (hidden) stations/ ( or space craft), to (steal) a hearing; but any who listen now will find a flaming fire watching him in ambush
And that we used to sit there in positions for hearing, but (he) who listens now will find for him a flaming fire waiting.
= Qaf-Ayn-Dal= to sit down, remain behind, to hold back, to tarry, lie in wait, sit still, remain unmoved, desist, abstain, refrain, lurk in ambush, set snares, neglect, act of sitting, foundations/bases, women who are past child bearing age, elderly spinsters past child bearing age, one who sits at home, one who sits still, seat or place of sitting, station, encampment.
qa'ada vb. (I) - perf. act. 3:168, 9:90, impf. act. 4:140, 6:68, 7:16, 7:86, 17:22, 17:29, 72:9, impv. 9:5, 9:46, 9:83, n. vb. 3:191, 4:103, 9:83, pcple. act. (qa'id, pl. qu'ud) 4:95, 5:24, 9:46, 9:86, 10:12, 85:6,
maq'ad n.m. (pl. maqa'id) 3:121, 9:81, 54:55, 72:9,
72:8 And we (jinns) have sought [to reach] the heaven but found it filled with powerful guards and burning flames.
In this verse it shows that they can fly. Not sure if they can fly using crafts or they can fly just by their nature.
72:9 And we (the jinn) used to sit therein in positions for hearing, but whoever listens now will find a burning flame lying in wait for him.
In this verse it seems they had some kind of technology to spy in the heavens.
72:12 And we (the jinn) have become certain that we will never cause failure to Allah upon earth, nor can we escape Him by flight.
Again this verse if talking about flying. Some of the jinn realize they cannot escape God will while on earth nor during flight.
I think the fact that jinn were created before Adam, it is possible that they are more advanced than we are. Perhaps they have the ability to come to our dimension and back to their own.
This is a very interesting theory. God and this universe are fully of mysteries.
Scientific Context: Plasma, Meteorites, and the MesosphereThe connection between plasma, meteorites, and the Quranic verse about celestial missiles offers a fascinating perspective on the interplay of science and spirituality. Adding the role of the mesosphere—a critical layer of Earth’s atmosphere where many meteorites burn up—provides further insight into how the physical and metaphysical worlds may align.Plasma and Meteorites:Plasma: Highly energetic and glowing, plasma can resemble "smokeless fire," reminiscent of the Quranic description of jinn (Surah Ar-Rahman, 55:15). Plasma can also form in the intense heat and energy created by a meteorite entering Earth's atmosphere, particularly as it ionizes surrounding air particles (Freidberg, 2007).Meteorites: When meteorites enter Earth’s atmosphere, they often burn up in the mesosphere, creating fiery streaks visible from the ground. These “shooting stars” align with the Quranic description of celestial missiles (Surah Al-Mulk, 67:5).The Mesosphere as a Sound ReceiverAcoustic Sensitivity:The mesosphere's ability to transmit and amplify infrasound (low-frequency sound waves) makes it an excellent receiver for signals generated by natural events like meteor explosions or cosmic disturbances (Bowman & Lees, 2014).Instruments designed to detect these waves can provide insights into distant events that would otherwise remain imperceptible to humans.Metaphysical Interpretation:In Islamic tradition, jinn are described as beings capable of listening to celestial assemblies, including the angels' conversations in the heavens: "Indeed, we used to sit therein in positions for hearing." (Quran 72:9)The mesosphere, as a layer that effectively captures and transmits distant sounds, can metaphorically or scientifically align with this description of jinn's ability to perceive or "eavesdrop" on higher-level phenome by Mann Maskeen
طِبَاقً۬ا” In accordance with. “طبق“, “Accord “, according to Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane and many others. Allah has constructed seven heavens each according to ” its own unique set of laws”, “كُلِّ سَمَآءٍ أَمۡرَهَاۚ“.
طَبَق(ṭabaq, “plate (serving dish); anything in the shape of a serving dish, such as a satellite dish; a thing that is the equal of another thing so that it covers it, lid, cover; a joint, a limb or member of the body; bone of the head”)
A remarkable finding of the early 21st century, that kind of sits alongside the Nobel prize winning discovery of the universe's accelerating expansion, is the finding that the universe is geometrically flat. This is a remarkable and unexpected feature of a universe that is expanding – let alone one that is expanding at an accelerated rate – and like the accelerating expansion, it is a key feature of our current standard model of the universe.
It may be that the flatness is just a consequence of the accelerating expansion - but to date this cannot be stated conclusively.
Layers of the Universe
The Big Bang explosion occurred 13.8 billion years ago, according to calculations. However, because the expansion rate of the universe is faster than expected, we are 46.1 billion light-years away from the point of explosion. At the point of explosion, there were very high energies and temperatures, so high that only quarks and gluons existed because the temperature was too high for atoms to form. Further on, as matter cooled, protons and neutrons formed. The antimatter of every substance appeared. Even further on, there is a layer where the first atoms began to form. All of these layers have different laws of physics and physical constants. They are nothing like the outermost layer of the universe we are in.
Matter differentiates step by step and eventually reaches an area where atoms come together and clump together to form the first stars. Again, after a journey of billions of years, you arrive at the outer layer of the universe we are in, where galaxies have begun to form and planets suitable for biological life have emerged. It is as if the seed of the universe has begun to grow, developed like a tree, and finally begun to bear fruit at the ends of its branches. This is the tree of creation.
Below you can see a model of our universe formed by the Big Bang explosion. At the very center is the Big Bang point, and on the outermost edges, galaxies and stars began to form.
The figures below show this evolution and layered structure of the universe.by kurtuluş berzan
Depiction of a multiverse of seven "bubble" universes, which are separate spacetime continua, each having different physical laws, physical constants, and perhaps even different numbers of dimensions or topologies. Some speculative theories have proposed that our Universe is but one of a set of disconnected universes, collectively denoted as the multiverse, challenging or enhancing more limited definitions of the Universe.[19][127] Scientific multiverse models are distinct from concepts such as alternate planes of consciousness and simulated reality. It is possible to conceive of disconnected spacetimes, each existing but unable to interact with one another.[130][132] An easily visualized metaphor of this concept is a group of separate soap bubbles, in which observers living on one soap bubble cannot interact with those on other soap bubbles, even in principle.[133] According to one common terminology, each "soap bubble" of spacetime is denoted as a universe, whereas our particular spacetime is denoted as the Universe,[19] just as we call our moon the Moon. The entire collection of these separate spacetimes is denoted as the multiverse.[19] With this terminology, different Universes are not causally connected to each other.[19] In principle, the other unconnected Universes may have different dimensionalities and topologies of spacetime, different forms of matter and energy, and different physical laws and physical constants, although such possibilities are purely speculative.[19] Others consider each of several bubbles created as part of chaotic inflation to be separate Universes, though in this model these universes all share a causal origin.[19]
Could The Quran Have Described the Cosmos in A Better Way?
By Naseer Ahmed, New Age Islam
5. Purpose of the Quran’s Cosmological Descriptions:
•The Quran’s primary purpose is spiritual and theological rather than scientific. Its descriptions of the cosmos are meant to inspire reflection on the majesty of God’s creation rather than to provide a detailed, scientific explanation of the universe’s physical structure.
•Therefore, the Quran uses general descriptions that emphasize wonder and vastness, which are universally comprehensible, rather than technical details that would have been incomprehensible at the time.
6. Could the Quran Have Described the Cosmos Differently?
•Without the scientific knowledge or terminology to describe galaxies, nebulae, or other cosmic phenomena, the Quran’s descriptions of the cosmos were necessarily framed within the conceptual and linguistic limits of its time. However, its use of non-specific and expansive language makes it adaptable to new discoveries about the universe.
•The Quran could not have described the cosmos in terms of galaxies or astrophysical phenomena in a more detailed or scientific way, as the necessary concepts and vocabulary didn’t exist. Instead, it provided a framework that emphasized the scale and structure of the universe in a way that was comprehensible to its original audience while remaining relevant in later eras.
Conclusion:
Given the limitations of seventh-century vocabulary and knowledge, the Quran’s descriptions of the cosmos, including the use of terms like "seven heavens" and references to the heavens' vastness, are expressed in the most accessible way possible for that time. While it couldn’t describe the cosmos in terms of modern scientific concepts like galaxies, the Quran’s use of flexible, symbolic language has allowed for interpretations that align with later discoveries. Its descriptions of the cosmos reflect the awe-inspiring nature of creation rather than the specifics of its structure, making its message timeless across generations.
Quran and Cosmology via https://quran-for-all.org/
Smoky or Opaque Phase of Universe:
Holy Quran: (sūrat fuṣṣilat)Verse (41:10): “ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰٓ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَهِىَ دُخَانٌ۬ “ Sahih International: Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke
“دُخَانٌ۬” or “smoke” could be that early state of the universe, Around 100 to 200 million years after the Big Bang in from of “primordial gas clouds” that later mixed with dark matter starting formation of stars and later (after 500 million years) forming galaxies.
or it could be the opaque state of universe:
Photon Epoch (10 seconds to 370,000 years after big ban): Characteristics: The universe is filled with a hot plasma of nuclei, electrons, and photons. Appearance: This plasma state can be thought of as a “fog” or “smoke” because photons (light particles) were constantly interacting with the free electrons, making the universe opaque.
Early Universe Galaxies Spotted Consuming Cold Gas via https://science.nasa.gov/
5 Min Read
This illustration shows a galaxy forming only a few hundred million years after the big bang.
Researchers analyzing data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope have pinpointed three galaxies that may be actively forming when the universe was only 400 to 600 million years old. Webb's data shows these galaxies are surrounded by gas that the researchers suspect to be almost purely hydrogen and helium, the earliest elements to exist in the cosmos. Webb's instruments are so sensitive that they were able to detect an unusual amount of dense gas surrounding these galaxies. This gas will likely end up fueling the formation of new stars in the galaxies.
"These galaxies are like sparkling islands in a sea of otherwise neutral, opaque gas," explained Kasper Heintz, the lead author and an assistant professor of astrophysics at the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. "Without Webb, we would not be able to observe these very early galaxies, let alone learn so much about their formation."
"We're moving away from a picture of galaxies as isolated ecosystems. At this stage in the history of the universe, galaxies are all intimately connected to the intergalactic medium with its filaments and structures of pristine gas," added Simone Nielsen, a co-author and PhD student also based at DAWN.
Image: Galaxy Forming in the Early Universe (Artist's Concept)
This illustration shows a galaxy forming only a few hundred million years after the big bang, when gas was a mix of transparent and opaque during the Era of Reionization. Data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope shows that cold gas is falling onto these galaxies.
In Webb's images, the galaxies look like faint red smudges, which is why extra data, known as spectra, were critical for the team's conclusions. Those spectra show that light from these galaxies is being absorbed by large amounts of neutral hydrogen gas. "The gas must be very widespread and cover a very large fraction of the galaxy," said Darach Watson, a co-author who is a professor at DAWN. "This suggests that we are seeing the assembly of neutral hydrogen gas into galaxies. That gas will go on to cool, clump, and form new stars."
The universe was a very different place several hundred million years after the big bang during a period known as the Era of Reionization. Gas between stars and galaxies was largely opaque. Gas throughout the universe only became fully transparent around 1 billion years after the big bang. Galaxies' stars contributed to heating and ionizing the gas around them, causing the gas to eventually become completely transparent.
By matching Webb's data to models of star formation, the researchers also found that these galaxies primarily have populations of young stars. "The fact that we are seeing large gas reservoirs also suggests that the galaxies have not had enough time to form most of their stars yet," Watson added.
This Is Only the Start
Webb is not only meeting the mission goals that drove its development and launch - it is exceeding them. "Images and data of these distant galaxies were impossible to obtain before Webb," explained Gabriel Brammer, a co-author and associate professor at DAWN. "Plus, we had a good sense of what we were going to find when we first glimpsed the data - we were almost making discoveries by eye."
There remain many more questions to address. Where, specifically, is the gas? How much is located near the centers of the galaxies - or in their outskirts? Is the gas pristine or already populated by heavier elements? Significant research lies ahead. "The next step is to build large statistical samples of galaxies and quantify the prevalence and prominence of their features in detail," Heintz said.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).
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The Shared Origin of Dark Matter and Light via https://quran-for-all.org.
(Sūrat l-Anʿām) Verse (6:1): ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَجَعَلَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ وَٱلنُّورَۖ ثُمَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّہِمۡ يَعۡدِلُونَ Sahih International:[All] praise is [due] to Allah, who created the heavens and the earth and made the darkness and the light. Then those who disbelieve equate [others] with their Lord.
This verse is exceptionally revealing regarding the fundamental constituents of the cosmos. The distinct use of two different verbs is crucial: خَلَقَ (khalaqa, meaning to create from nothing) is used for the creation of the heavens and the earth (ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ). However, the verb جَعَلَ (ja‘ala, meaning to make, assign, or transform) is used for the darkness (ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ) and the light (ٱلنُّورَ). The parallelism in the phrase wa ja‘ala al-ẓulumāti wa al-nūr suggests that these two phenomena—darkness, which in a cosmological context could be seen as a precursor or counterpart to the invisible dark matter, and light—were made or transformedafter the initial fundamental creation of the heavens and the earth. This implies that so-called dark matter is not of an entirely unknown, separate origin but shares the same precursor material as light, having been derived or fashioned from the primordial material created by Allah. This aligns with the Quranic emphasis on a unified creation.
Are there paths for possible future journeys in heaven? via https://quran-for-all.org.
(sūrat l-dhāriyāt)Verse (51:7): “وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلۡحُبُكِ” Sahih International: By the heaven containing pathways. “وَٱلسَّمَآءِ” mean heaven, “ذَاتِ” mean “itself”, “ٱلۡحُبُكِ” Paths or orbits
“ حَبْکٌ ” means also for something to twist and bend “ِ الَحُْبکُُ منَِ الشعَّرْ ” means curly hair which grow twisted “حُبُکُ الرَّمْلِ “ means waves of sand. Word ذَاتِ indicates that paths are not built as a separate structure, but they are part of heaven itself.
(sūrat l-mu’minūn)Verse (23:17): “وَلَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا فَوۡقَكُمۡ سَبۡعَ طَرَآٮِٕقَ وَمَا كُنَّا عَنِ ٱلۡخَلۡقِ غَـٰفِلِينَ” Sahih International: And We have created above you seven layered heavens, and never have We been of [Our] creation unaware. “سَبۡعَ” means 7 or many “ طَرَآٮِٕقَ” is plural means Paths . “سَبۡعَ” in the Quran can be 7 or many. so is for 70 and 700. “طَرَآٮِٕقَ” is plural for “طَرِيقَة” which means a way to achieve some goal. in holy Quran it is used at 4 other places always meaning path or way. its more likely meaning is Paths but not layers
WMAP has produced a new, more detailed picture of the infant universe. Colors indicate "warmer" (red) and "cooler" (blue) spots. The white bars show the "polarization" direction of the oldest light. This new information helps to pinpoint when the first stars formed and provides new clues about events that transpired in the first trillionth of a second of the universe.(Image credit: NASA/WMAP)
Scientists announced today new evidence supporting the theory that the infant universe expanded from subatomic to astronomical size in a fraction of a second after its birth.
The finding is based on new results from NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite, launched in 2001 to measure the temperature of radiant heat left over from the Big Bang, which is the theoretical beginning to the universe.
This radiation is known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and it is the oldest light in the universe.
Using WMAP data, researchers announced in 2003 that they had pieced together a very detailed snapshot of the universe as it was about 400,000 years after the Big Bang, and that they had determined things like its age, composition and development.
The previous data showed that the universe was about 13.7 billion years old. It also revealed that it wasn't until about 200 million years after the Big Bang that conditions were cool enough for the first stars to form. Scientists were also able to conclude that the universe is composed of about 4 percent real matter, about 23 percent dark matter, and about 73 percent dark energy. Nobody actually knows what dark matter or dark energy are, however.
The new WMAP observations, announced at a NASA press conference today, reveal what the universe was like in the first trillionth of a second after the Big Bang. From the microwave background, researchers teased out a new signal called the "polarization signal."
"This new signal is roughly 100 times weaker than the signal we analyzed three years ago and about a billion times less than the radiant warmth we feel from the Sun," said Lyman Page, a WMAP team member from Princeton University.
The researchers collected observations of this polarization signal to create a map of the early universe, allowing them to test a sub-theory within the Big Bang theory, called "inflation."
Inflation theory states that the universe underwent a rapid expansion immediately following the Big Bang.
"During this growth spurt, a tiny region, likely no larger than a marble, grew in a trillionth of a second to become larger than the visible universe," said WMAP researcher David Spergel, also from Princeton University.
The new observations reveal that the early expansion wasn't smooth, with some regions expanding faster than others.
"We find that density fluctuations on the 1- to 10-billion-light-year scale are larger than density fluctuations on the hundred-million-light-year scale," Spergel said. "That is just what inflation theory predicts."
These fluctuations are thought to have led to clumping of matter that allowed the formation of galaxies.
Brian Greene, a physicist from Columbia University who wasn't involved in the research, called the new findings "spectacular" and "stunning."
"A major question that people have asked for decades is where do stars and galaxies come from? The answer coming from WMAP data supports the idea that quantum fluctuations are the answer," Greene said. "WMAP's data supports the notion that galaxies are nothing but quantum mechanism writ large across the sky."
The new findings brings humanity closer to answering one of its oldest questions, that of where we come from, Greene said.
"WMAP certainly doesn't answer this question, but its data is taking us one giant step closer to the answer by giving us a precise quantitative look at the universe's earliest fraction of a second," Greene said. "It's a tiny window of time, but it's a critical one in our quest to learn what happened at time zero itself."
The Quran does make references to different "dimensions" or "levels" of creation, though it does not use the term "dimensions" explicitly. Here are some examples:
1. The Seven Heavens:
The Quran frequently mentions the concept of "seven heavens" (e.g. Quran 2:29, 17:44, 23:17, 67:3). This is understood to refer to the multilayered structure of the universe, with each "heaven" representing a distinct realm or level of creation.
2. The Realm of the Unseen:
The Quran distinguishes between the "seen" (shahada) and the "unseen" (ghayb) realms (e.g. Quran 6:73, 9:94, 27:65). The unseen realm is understood to encompass the spiritual, metaphysical dimensions that are beyond the physical senses.
3. The Afterlife Dimensions:
The Quran describes the afterlife as consisting of different levels or "dimensions" - Paradise (jannah) and Hell (jahannam) are depicted as distinct realms with varying degrees of bliss or punishment (e.g. Quran 4:13, 4:31, 39:73).
4. The Realm of Angels:
The Quran mentions the existence of angels inhabiting a realm distinct from the human realm. Angels are described as moving between the heavenly and earthly dimensions (e.g. Quran 16:2, 35:1, 39:75).
5. The Realm of Jinns:
The Quran acknowledges the existence of a parallel realm of sentient, intelligent beings called jinns, who inhabit a dimension alongside but separate from the human realm (e.g. Quran 6:100, 55:33, 72:1-15).
While the Quran does not use the term "dimensions" in a modern, scientific sense, these references to multiple realms, levels and planes of existence suggest an understanding of the universe as a multifaceted, multi-layered reality beyond the purely physical world we inhabit.
The Quranic perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness and hierarchical structure of creation, under the sovereignty of the One God. But the exact nature and relationship between these "dimensions" is not elaborated upon in detail.
The Quran has used the Arabic construction Al-Aalameen, as a synonym for the cosmos.Al-Aalameen is the plural form of Al-Aalam, which has been derived from three lettered root ‘ilm’. Ilm means to know, so Al-Aalam means the world, through which the Creator is known.
(Abu Sayeed Abdullah bin Umar Al-Baidhawi, Anwar-ut-Tanzeel wa Asrar-ut-Taweel, 2000, vol.1, p.13, Daru-ur-Rasheed, Beirut, Lebanon)
However, Al-Aalameen, refers to all the creatures, as Imam Qatadah bin Diamah As-Sudusi (Be His mercy on him) argued. [3]
The term Al-Aalameen appears in the Holy Quran 77 times and once more as another plural form Al-Aalmoon.[4] It is other than the term Ad-Dunya is an Arabic synonym for world. Ad-Dunya has been used 115 times in the Holy Quran.[5]Al-Aalameen first time appears in the first Ayah (verse) of the Holy Quran. Allah Almighty says:
الْحَمْدُلِلَّهِرَبِّالْعَالَمِينَ
“All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Cosmos.”[6]
PREDESTINATION:DIVINE PROGRAMMING
The harmony and order in the cosmos, caused by complex physical laws, leads us to the conclusion that it works like a matchless Quantum Computer.[8] The computer boots and works according to a program given to it. Who did program the Cosmic Quantum Computer? The answer is very simple, the God Almighty, ALLAH subhanahu wa ta’ala. Nothing else answers the question correctly. ALLAH says:
“Glorify the name of your Lord, the Highest,Who created, then evolved. And Who programmed then guided.”[9]
He says further:
“He, Whose is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth,and Who did not take to Himself a son, and Who has noassociate in the kingdom, and Who created everything, so predetermined for it a measure.”[10]
He goes further:
“Verily, Allâh will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allâh did set a measure for all things.” [11]
The Cosmic Program was written in The Bright Book:
“And with Him are the keys of the unseen treasures– none knows them but He; and He knows what is in the land and the sea, and there falls not a leaf but He knows it, nor a grain in
the darkness of the earth, nor anything green nor dry but (it is all) in a Bright Book.” [12]
The Bright Book is entitled as Lawh Mahfooz (Board Safeguarded), Glorious Qur’an is its part:
“Nay it is a glorious Qur’an, inscribed in Lawh Mahfooz (Board Safeguarded).” [13]
Lawh Mahfoodh is a construction meant for a large and complex display of light on which Cosmic Program has been written. It resembles a hologram.[14]
Al-Falaq: The Big Burst of Light
The eloquent and articulate way of expressing of the Holy Qur’an is extremely appreciable, particularly when it expresses the cosmic facts in comprehensive and specific words. It is the miraculous style of the Qur’an that expressed the origin of the cosmos through a single word ( الفلقAl-Falaq) that appears in the first Ayah of Surah Al-Falaq (Ch.113). The Qur’an reads:
“Say, “I seek refuge in the Lord of Al-Falaq; from the evil of that which He created.”[15]
The Arabic construction Al-Falaq has been derived from the root ف ل ق renders the meaning of breaking open or apart suddenly and violently, especially as a result of an impact or internal pressure. So the proper noun Al-Falaq holds the meaning of a specific burst or explosion. But it is not the whole story of Al-Falaq.
The majority of contemporary scholars of Quranic sciences translated the word Al-Falaq as Falaq al-Subh (daybreak). Defining the word al-falaq as daybreak is one of the possible meanings, but with a narrow spectrum. The second Ayah of the same Surah indicates that Al-Falaq is not mere routine daybreak, but it is associated with the creation. Actually, the first and second Ayah appear to be two clauses of a single statement. Read it again carefully:
“Say, “I seek refuge in the Lord of Al-Falaq; from the evil of that which He created.”
So the two Ayat together give the full meaning with a broad spectrum.
Abdullah bin Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them), a cousin and close companion of the last Messenger Muhammad (May He shower His blessings and peace on him), profoundly said:
So we can conclude without any difficulty that Al-Falaq refers to the Big Burst that occurred at the beginning of the creation of this world. This explosion renders the big flash of light that was the first daybreak. This phenomenon has been expressed in another Ayah. Allah Almighty says:
“All praise is [due] to Allah, who created the heavens and the earth and made the darkness and the light.”[17]
Imam Qatadah (Be His mercy on him) said:
“The heavens (skies) were created before the earth and darkness were created before the light.”[18]
This Ayah refers to the moment when there was no light, but darkness prevailed everywhere. After this darkness, light was created. It was the light that was created before the creation of the visible cosmos. We know today that light is a unique form of energy that is visible. When we look at the two Ayat together, the first Ayah of Surah Al-Falaq and the first Ayah of Surah Al-An’aam, we can easily comprehend that the explosion mentioned in the former Ayah occurred in light. So the explosion of light was the origin of the cosmos, According to the Qur’an.
Almost all the Greek philosophers believed that the cosmos is infinite, in the sense that it has no beginning and no end. The philosophers and scientists endured this belief throughout the ages till the mid of twentieth century. The first crack appeared in this belief in the first decade of the 20th century, when Albert Einstein presented his famous theory of general relativity. One of the important postulates of this theory was the relativity of mass and energy. That is expressed in the world fame equation of the mass-energy relationship:
E = mc^2
“The equation E = mc^2 states that the amount of energy possessed by an object is equal to its mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light. Since the speed of light is an incredibly high number, almost 300,000 km/sec, a small amount of mass contains a lot of energy. Additionally, the equation suggests that energy and mass are interchangeable with each other. In other words, energy can be converted to mass and mass to energy.”[19]
This mass-energy relationship changed the whole scenario over time. Now, scientifically, it was admitted as a possibility that the cosmos may have come into existence out of nothingness. The mass-energy relationship lead the scientists later to formulate a theory that is known as Big Bang Theory. Before going to discuss this theory in detail, look! what the scientists have endorsed today?:
“The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. At its simplest, it says the universe as we know it started with a small singularity, then inflated over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today.”[20]
“The Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Discoveries in astronomy and physics have shown beyond a reasonable doubt that our universe did in fact have a beginning. Prior to that moment, there was nothing; during and after that moment there was something: our universe. The big bang theory is an effort to explain what happened during and after that moment.”[21]
Subhan Allah! The materialists have to admit what the Holy Qur’an has emphasized time and again. Allah Almighty says:
“We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. But is it not sufficient concerning your Lord that He is, over all things, a Witness?”[22]
The Dynamic Universe
The Qur’an describes a dynamic model of the universe instead of a static one. In a number of narratives, it mentions that all the celestial bodies like the sun, the moon, the stars, and the planets are floating in a Falak (Arab:فلك).
Allah Almighty says:
“And the sun runs [on course] toward its destination. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing. And the moon – We have determined for it phases until it returns [appearing] like the old palm frond. It is not allowable for the sun to reach the moon, nor does the night overtake the day, but all heavenly bodies are floating in space.” [23]
It is not the whole picture of the dynamic model of the universe, proposed by the Qur’an. It goes further and claims that the universe is expanding. Allah Almighty says:
“And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are expanding it.” [24]
It simply means that the space is expanding.
At the time of the Qur’an’s revelation, philosophers and scientists believed in a static universe. If Qur’an was the work of a human being, how would have been possible for him to avoid the impression of that static model?
Formation of Light Gases
The Qur’an mentions the first combustion of the universe which led to the conversion of energy into primeval atoms of light gases. Allah Almighty says:
“Then He intended to create the heaven and it became smoke therein.” [34]
The Arabic construction for smoke in this Ayah is used دخانDukhan. This word is used for the smoke evolving out as a result of the combustion process. In modern Arabic, it is also used for smoking. Smoke is produced in the form of a gaseous mixture. So this Ayah alludes to the first combustion of the world which resulted in the production of hydrogen atoms which eventually combined to form helium atoms, hence forming a hot gaseous mixture. Was there any word in the Arabic language to describe the primitive hot gaseous mixture better than دخانDukhan, to inform the laymen of the 7th century (CE) of the Cosmic Fluid, who were even unaware of the modern concept of elements?
The Cosmic Evolution
It is an established fact among Muslim scholars that despite being Omnipotent, Allah did not create the universe at once within seconds, but He created it through a gradual evolutionary process. The Qur’an describes this cosmic evolution briefly as under:
“Are you more difficult to create or is the heaven that He constructed? He raised its height and has perfected it. Its night (space) He covered with darkness and its bright light (all luminous bodies) He evolved out, And after that, He spread the earth And brought forth therefrom its water and its pasture. And the mountains He has fixed firmly, (To be) a provision and benefit for you and your cattle.”[35]
The evolutionary process described in this Ayah is quite similar to that proposed by cosmologists. The term ‘heaven’ is a translation of the Arabic word سماSama, it literally means all the things elevated from the surface of the earth. Generally, when سماSama is used in the Qur’an as a singular noun, it refers to the sky with all its observable objects, including the atmosphere, clouds, the sun, the moon, the stars, the planets (excluding the earth), the meteorite, the comets, the nebulae, the galaxies, the quasars, etc.
The Formation of Stars
The Qur’an explicitly describes the process of formation of the stars. According to Qur’an, the stars were formed through a combustion process, which is why the Qur’an ascribes the word Masabih مصابیح for stars, the plural form of Misbah مصباح that literally renders to a burning lamp. So stars (lamps) burn fuel to give off light and heat. Allah Almighty says:
“And We adorned the nearest heaven with lamps and as protection. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.” [36]
It is a miraculous fact that Qur’an uses another Arabic word for the sun that is also meant for the lamp. So it is wonderful that Qur’an classifies the stars and the sun under the same category of luminous bodies. Allah Almighty says:
“And We constructed above you seven strong [heavens]. And made [therein] a burning lamp.” [37]
This is a brief description of the evolutionary process of the creation of the universe. Beginning with a Big Burst of Light, and lasted the formation of stars
The
Miracle of the Rain,
Thunder and
Electrical "fertilization" caused by winds in
the Noble Quran!
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Depiction of a multiverse of seven "bubble" universes, which are separate spacetime continua, each having different physical laws, physical constants, and perhaps even different numbers of dimensions or topologies.
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