8 Nisan 2018 Pazar

cosmology / astronomy in the quran

  Meanings of Sama: One of the meanings is absolute highness,Another meaning is just highness,Firmaments,Atmosphere,Also the word Sama as mentioned in some Hadiths can mean: stars; galaxies and clusters.

 Meanings of Ardh: One of the meanings is earth,Another meaning is land,One of the most indications of Ardh is seven Ardhean (plural of Ardh: The interior and lower part of the Universe) Also the word Ardh can mean a field, and a part of the land.  In Arabic, the lower part of anything is called ardh.  For example, the ardh of a vehicle, room and so on is its floor.


Moon: Qamer(القمر)/ Nur(النور) / Munir(منير)
Sun  : Siraj(سراج)shams
Star  : Najm(نجم)

But in some verses Allah used different words to talk about some other facts of universe.
Quran 41:12,67:5= Masabih(مَصَابِيحَ)= Lamps,brights/ filters(quran24:35)=atmosphere,auroras,van allen belts
Quran 37:6-10= Kawakib(كَوَاكِبِ)=natural Satellites- moons/ Asteroids/planets/ dwarf planets/comets
Shihab(شِهَابًا)= Blazing Flame
Rujuman(رُجُومًا)= Missiles (throwing )/

conjecture









Throne of God" as allegory.[3]


 As regards the term 'arsh (lit., "throne" or "seat of power"), all Muslim commentators, classical and modern, are unanimously of the opinion that its metaphorical use in the Qur'an is meant to express God's absolute sway over all His creation. It is noteworthy that in all the seven instances where God is spoken of in the Qur'an as "established on the throne of His almightiness" (7:54, 10:3, 13:2, 20:5, 25:59, 32:4 and 57:4), this expression is connected with a declaration of His having created the universe.-

2:255 GOD - there is no deity save Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Subsistent Fount of All Being. Neither slumber overtakes Him, nor sleep. His is all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth. Who is there that could intercede with Him, unless it be by His leave? He knows all that lies open before men and all that is hidden from them,247 whereas they cannot attain to aught of His knowledge save that which He wills [them to attain]. His eternal power248 overspreads the heavens and the earth, and their upholding wearies Him not. And he alone is truly exalted, tremendous.

248 Lit., "His seat [of power]". Some of the commentators (e.g., Zamakhshari) interpret this as "His sovereignty" or "His dominion", while others take it to mean "His knowledge" (see Muhammad 'Abduh in Manar III, 33); Razi inclines to the view that this word denotes God's majesty and indescribable eternal glory. by muhammad assad

 VERSES WITH IMPORTANT ASTRONOMICAL (COSMOLOGICAL AND COSMOOENIC) CONNOTATIONS
By: Dr. / Zaghloul El-Naggar


The cosmos is collectively referred to in the Glorious Qur’an under the term “heavens and earth”, or simply “heavens” and sometimes in the singular form “heaven, firmament or sky”. Such reference is made in (310) Qur’anic verses (190 in the plural and 120 in the singular form) to describe certain characteristics of the universe, successive stages in its creation, its final destruction and annihilation, as well as its recreation. These cosmic verses intervene the main message of this divine revelation, as a vivid testimony for the unlimited might, knowledge and wisdom of the Creator (S.W.T). They are not meant to be pieces of scientific information per se, as science is left for man to gain over a long span of time through careful observation and/or experimentation, followed by rational conclusion. Nevertheless, the Qur’an, being the word of the Creator (S.W.T.) , and the cosmos, being His creation, such cosmic Qur‘anic verses must convey the absolute truth about areas that cannot possibly be placed under the direct observation of man, such as the creation, annihilation and recreation of the universe. Consequently, early speculations about the origin of the universe in pre-Islamic civilizations, had glimpses of some facts borrowed from the successive divine revelations, but highly mixed with mythological assumptions and illusionary visions. An example for this mixture of truth and fallacies in polytheistic civilizations is the ancient Egyptians concept about the creation of the earth. This concept is symbolized in their legacy by drawing “Chou” (the mythological God of air), son of A’amoun Ra’a (the Fictitious God of the Sun) in a position where he is separating his sister “Nutt” (symbolic for the heaven) from his brother “Kepp” (who stands for the earth). Indeed, the concept of separating the earth from the rest of the universe is a divinely revealed fact, which was completely distorted in the ancient Egyptian mythology under the influence of deviation from monotheism to polytheism. Similarly, in the ancient Indian civilization a cosmic nucleus (or Golden Egg) which symbolizes the origin of the universe was believed to have emerged from water. However, the Noble Qur’an forcefully invites man to observe the universe rationally with discernment, and analyze the data collected from such observation critically, with meticulous assessment. It is only through such scientific questioning of the universe that man can discover the laws of creation, and applies them correctly for the proper fulfillment of his vicegerency on earth. This can be achieved by the successful development of man, his faculties and knowledge, and of life in general, as well as by the rational reflection on the Supremacy of The Creator, and hence, the willful submission to His glory peacefully and lovingly in worshipping and obedience. The discovery of the perfect concordance between the Qur’anic descriptions of the universe and its established facts can be a very convincing proof for the divine nature of the Qur’an and the authentic Prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh). Not only this, but the Qur’an can be a guiding light in the area of cosmogonic interpretations, because this is an area that can never fall directly under the human observation, despite the abundant traces for the successive stages of creation which are still preserved in outer space. Out of the 310 Qur’anic verses where the cosmos is mentioned, at least 166 carry evident cosmological and cosmogonic implications. Only 3 of such verses are discussed here as follows:



A- The Expanding nature of the Universe as indicated in the Glorious Qur’an: The Qur’an reads “With power did We construct the heaven. Verily, We are Able to extend the vastness of space thereof. ”
 (Surat Adh-Dhariyat (The Winds that Scatter):49).
 Early commentators on the Glorious Qur’an saw the significance of this verse in the context of the amazing vastness of the universe, and in the fact that who could make it that vast, is definitely capable of making it even much more enormous, extending its limits outwardly much further, and this is very true. However, after centuries of keen observations, and numerous hypotheses, theorems and interpretations, the American astronomer Vesto M. Slipher noticed in 1912 that, except for a few nearby systems such as the Andromeda galaxy, the spectral lines from the rest of the galaxies were shifted toward longer (red) wavelengths. This shift in wavelength, caused by the Doppler Effect, showed that most galaxies were receding from ours (the Milky Way) at several hundred kilometers per second. In 1929, another American astronomer, Edwin Powell Hubble noticed that the more remote the galaxy, the higher was its recession velocity. This important relationship has become known as the law of the red shifts, or Hubble’s law. It states that the recession velocity of a galaxy is proportional to its distance. The ratio of the recession velocity of a galaxy to its distance (generally known as the Hubble constant) is now estimated to be between 50 and 100 km/sec per mega parsec (1 mega parse = 1 million parsec, and 1 parsec = 3.258 light years). After discovering this cosmic phenomenon of red shift, there was no other plausible explanation for it except the implication that our universe is indeed steadily expanding. Because galaxies in all directions seem to recede from our own galaxy, it might be wrongly concluded that the Milky Way is at the center of the universe. This is not true, as one can imagine a balloon with evenly spaced dots painted on its outer surface. As the balloon is blown up, an observer on each spot would see all the other spots expanding away from it, just as observers from earth see all the galaxies receding from the Milky Way. This analogy provides a simple explanation for Hubble’s law: the universe is expanding like a balloon. This simple cosmological fact, which was deduced from the red shift phenomenon, less than 70 years ago, had already been explicitly mentioned in the Glorious Qur’an, 14 centuries earlier. Thus long precedence of the Qur’an to thousands of scientists who spent many centuries of astronomical observations and research, using sophisticated equipments and elaborate physical properties and mathematical calculations, is a living testimony to the divine purity of this last revelation and to the authenticity of Prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh) who received and passed it in its divine purity. The established fact that our universe is steadily expanding is so vital for both its physical existence and survival, that it becomes well-deserving to be mentioned in the Illustrious Qur’an, as one of the great signs of The Creator (S.W.T.).Not only this, but for our universe to be steadily expanding at such fantastic rates, without losing its coherence is one of the most striking and most fascinating aspects of our existence.
 
 B-The Big Bang, or the initial singularity of our cosmos as indicated in the Glorious Qur’an: In the Glorious Qur’an we read: “Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted them? And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" (Surat Al-Anbiya' (The Prophets):30).
 Early commentators saw in this verse a reflection on the unity of creation as a dominating factor in the orderly, wonderful universe, throughout its evolutionary history from one stage to another, which is true. However, long before discovering the established phenomenon of the red shift, and its logical consequence of describing our universe as an expanding one, scientists used Einstein’s theory of general relativity to extrapolate back in time and came to the striking conclusion that the universe had actually emerged from a single, unbelievably small, dense, hot region ( the hot Big Bang model of the universe). The model was formally proposed by George Gamow in 1948, after a lengthy discussion on other models of the universe by a number of workers ( e.g. Albert Einstein, 1917; William de Sitter, 1917; Alexander Friedmann, 1922; George Lemaire, 1927, etc.). Lemaitre is credited for introducing the idea of the “Primeval atom”, where galaxies originated as fragments, ejected by the explosion of this atom. In 1948, George Gamow modified Lemaitre hypothesis into the “Big Bang Theory” of the origin of the universe. In this theory, Gamow proposed that the universe was created in a gigantic explosion whereby the various elements observed today were produced within the first few minutes after the Big Bang, as the extremely high temperature and density of the universe would fuse subatomic particles into the chemical elements. More recent calculations indicate that hydrogen and helium were the primary products of the Big Bang, with heavier elements being produced later within stars. The extremely high density within the “primeval atom~ would cause the universe to expand rapidly. As it expanded, the smoky cloud of hydrogen and helium thus formed would cool and condense into stars, galaxies, clusters, super clusters, black holes, etc. This explains the original singularity of the universe, its explosion, then expansion, as well as the physical basis of Hubble’s law. As the universe expanded, the residual radiation (radiant heat) from the Big Bang continued to spread outwardly and to cool down gradually until about the 3K ( = - 2700 C) of today. This relic radiation was detected by radio astronomy in 1964, thus providing a direct material evidence for model. Further evidence in support for this model is provided by the chemical composition of the observed universe. This amounts to about 74% hydrogen and 24 * helium (by mass), with only traces of other elements that in total amount to about 2%. All the recorded hydrogen in the observed universe and almost all the recorded helium are primordial, although some helium is currently produced by the process of nuclear fusion within all the stars since the beginning of creation amounts to only a small percent. It is calculated that when the universe was 3 minutes old, its temperature must have been 109 0C. At such high temperature hydrogen was subject to nuclear fusion, leading to the formation of helium. Theoretical calculations show that the fusion reactions led to an abundance of about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium, which is a remarkable agreement with the observed abundance. This further confirms the hot, Big Bang model for the creation of the universe. The hot Big Bang model has steadily and successfully battled other explanations for the origin of the universe, and the model has been gradually refined with time. The “hot Big Bang model for the origin of the universe envisages a beginning from an extremely small, hot, dense initial state some 10 -15 billion years ago. This initial, minute body exploded, and started to expand, forming the still expanding, vast, cold universe of today. The model predicts the formation of nuclei, the relative abundances of certain elements, and the existence and exact temperature of the cosmic microwave, background radiation (or the glow of radiation left over from the initial explosion, which is currently permeating the universe). The prediction of the cosmic background radiation, made by Ralph A. Alpher of Union College and Robert Herman of the University of Texas at Austin, was confirmed by Arno Penzias and Robert W. Wilson of Bell Laboratories in 1964.. Despite its success, the hot Big Bang model leaves many features of the universe unexplained. For example, the universe today includes a vast number of regions that could never have been in causal contact at any stage in their entire history. These regions are moving away from one another at such a rate that any information, even traveling at the speed of light, could not cover the distance between them. This “horizon problem” makes it difficult to account for the striking uniformity of the cosmic background radiation. Other unexplained features in the hot Big Bang model include the “flatness problem”, the origin of large scale structures such as galaxies, galactic clusters and super clusters, etc. In 1980, Alan H. Guth of M.I.T. suggested a further refinement of the Big Bang model which he called “the inflationary universe scenario. In this scenario, the universe is believed to have started with a very brief, but exceedingly rapid period of expansion (for about 10-30 second), matter consisted of scalar-field particles (while in the hot, Big Bang model, the matter content of the universe is presumed to have been a uniformly distributed plasma or dust). As mentioned by J.J. Halliwell (1991), the origin of the universe in the inflationary scenario can be explained as follows: by following the expansion of the universe backward in time, the size of this vast, complex universe tends to zero.
Here the strength of the gravitational field and the energy density of matter tend to infinity. This means that the universe appears to have emerged from a singularity; a region of infinite curvature and energy density at which the known laws of physics break down. These conditions are a consequence of the famous U singularity theorems”, proved in 1960 by Stephen W. Hawking and Roger Penrose of the University of Oxford. These theorems showed that under reasonable assumptions any model of the expanding universe extrapolated backward in time will encounter an initial singularity. The singularity theorems do not imply, however, that a singularity will physically occur. Rather, the theory predicting them - classical general relativity - breaks down at very high curvatures and must be superseded by the quantum theory. Near a singularity, space - time becomes highly curved; its volume shrinks to very small dimensions, and here only the quantum theory can be applied. Quantum cosmologists began a few decades ago (since the 1960s) to address the problems of the origin and evolution of the universe in a more subtle way than classical astronomy. Quantum cosmology attempts to describe a system -fundamentally - in terms of its wave function. Yet, many conceptual and technical difficulties arise. At the singularity, space becomes infinitely small, and the energy density infinitely great. To look beyond such a moment, requires a complete, quantum theory of gravity, which is currently lacking. Whether to accept the hot Big Bang model of the universe, or its modified inflationary scenario explanations on the basis of conventional or quantum astronomy, the established fact is that our universe emerged from a single, infinitesimally small, dense, hot source. To agree or differ on the events that unfolded since that moment, including the formation of matter, followed by its coalescence into galaxies, stars, planets and chemical systems, does not change the fact of the one singularity from which our universe was created. The Qur’anic precedence with this fact at time when nobody had the slightest knowledge of it or even for several centuries after the revelation was received is indeed most striking. The objective notion to this Qur’anic verse in the right context of a science course can indeed be spirit lifting and enlightening for the younger Muslim generations of students and faculty.
C- The Big Crunch, or the destruction and annihilation of our cosmos in the Glorious Qur’an: Commenting on the process of destruction, annihilation and recreation of the universe, the Illustrious Qur’an reads: “And (remember) the Day when We shall roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books, as We began the first creation, We shall repeat it, (it is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it.” (Surat Al-Anbiya (The Prophets):104).

  Early commentators on the Glorious Qur’an, saw in this verse a divine promise to fold up the universe like a scroll of parchment folds the contents of books written on its inner side, and that as Allah (S.W.T.) created all this universe out of nothing, He can destroy it to nothing, and create an entirely new one. This interpretation is correct, but from the purely semantic analysis of the verse it clearly implies that in as much as the present-day universe started from an initial singularity, its end will come again to the same form, through the folding and rolling up of the universe like a scroll folds the letters, words and sentences written inside it as it is rolled up. In clear concordance with this interpretation, the most widely accepted “hot Big Bang model” for the origin of our expanding universe (Gamow, 1948), implies that such expansion cannot continue for ever, but it has to end in a reverse process of contraction. Due to such contraction all of the material of the universe would eventually come back to a central point (exactly similar to what the universe initially began with), in an implosion that would annihilate all forms of matter (atoms, molecules, compounds, planets, stars; galaxies, galactic clusters and super clusters, etc.). The result would be a singularity-identical to the initial one - that will explode and start the production of an earth other than ours and of heavens different from the present-day ones, in exactly the same way the initial singularity behaved. The scientific reason behind this expectation is the fact that the motion of recession of the galaxies in our expanding universe does not proceed with constant velocity. The force of gravitation attracts these galaxies, super galaxies and clusters to each other. This mutual attraction tends to decelerate the expansion, despite the very weak pull of gravity in view of the enormous inter-galactic distances. Nevertheless, this very small deceleration can become important in the long run, to the extent of hindering the process of expansion to a big halt. If this motion of galactic recession stops, then the galaxies will begin to fall back towards each other. The universe will then start to contract, the galaxies will gradually come closer together, the gravitational pull will become gradually greater, and the velocities of contraction will be come excessively larger with time. Finally, the galaxies will collide with one another, and the universe will collapse in a cosmic implosion, generally described as the “Big Crunch”. This cosmic disaster will end by an extremely small, hot, dense singularity, identical to the initial singularity which exploded in the “First Big Bang”.
This second singularity is also expected to explode in a “Second Big Bang”, leading to a new cosmos. The most widely accepted scenario of "The First Big Bang”, followed by the formation of smoky nebulae in which the nuclei of matter started to form, small and large scale structures started to condense from fluctuations in the density of matter that would have seeded galaxies, followed by the expansion (or inflation) of the universe, then its expected contraction (or Big Crunch), the expected “Second Big Bang”, followed by the creation of new cosmos, are beautifully described in the following 5 Qur’anic verses" Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted them? And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" (Surat Al-Anbiya (The Prophets):30);

"Then He rose over (Istawa) towards the heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth: "Come both of you willingly or unwillingly." They both said: "We come willingly." (Surat Fussilat (They are explained in detail):11);

"With power did We construct the heaven. Verily, We are Able to extend the vastness of space thereof." (Surat Adh-Dhariyat (The Winds that Scatter):47) ;

"And (remember) the Day when We shall roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books, as We began the first creation, We shall repeat it, (it is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it." (Surat Al-Anbiya (The Prophets):104) and "On the Day when the earth will be changed to another earth and so will be the heavens, and they (all creatures) will appear before Allah, the One, the Irresistible." (Surat Ibrahim (Abraham):48). In any Islamic science curriculum such Qur’anic verses cannot be overlooked. These represent the word of The Creator, in an area (of origin, annihilation and recreation of the universe) which does not fall within the direct observation of man. As man’s knowledge in that area cannot exceed the limit of theorization, these 5 Qur’anic verses come to us as a guiding light for choosing between heaps of human ideas, that can do no more than confusing the human intellect.

 By: Dr. / Zaghloul El-Naggar
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Astronomy & Space<<<



Allah revealed in Qur’an 13:2: “Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected the sun and the moon (to his Law)! Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed. He doth regulate all affairs, explaining the signs in detail, that ye may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord.”
  The words “that ye can see” refers to both invisibility and presence. The heavens, like the earth do have pillars/support, and they are invisible. These “pillars” are the centrifugal and magnetic forces or “laws of gravitation” that keep them from falling.

  Allāh tells us: “He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days – and His Throne was over the waters – that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct. But if thou wert to say to them, “Ye shall indeed be raised up after death”, the Unbelievers would be sure to say, “This is nothing but obvious sorcery!” –(Qur’an 11:7).
 Throne siginifies Power and water signifies creation. Allāh’s Throne being over water simply means that His Power extends over all things.
 “The meaning of ‘arsh (“Throne of Power”) has been explained in 7:54b…What is the relation between water and the manifestation of the Power of God, for which the ‘arsh stands? This is explained by the Qur’an itself: “And We made from water everything living” (21:30). Man is the highest developed form of life, and life is due to water. The great power of God which is manifested in the creation of man is thus connected with water. And as physical life grows out of water, so spiritual life grows out of revelation, which is so often compared with rain or water. God’s great power has thus been made manifest through water, and hence with the creation of the heavens and the earth is mentioned the fact that God’s Throne of Power is ever on the waters.” 
 ‘Arsh (“Throne of Power”) literally means a thing constructed for shade (LL), or anything roofed (R). According to the latter authority the court or sitting-place of the king is called ‘arsh on account of its eminence. And he adds: It is used to indicate might or power and authority and dominion. LL accepts the interpretation of R, who says that “the ‘arsh of God is one of the things which mankind know not in reality but only by name, and it is not as the imaginations of the vulgar hold it to be”.

 Allāh reveals in Qur’an 36:40: “Neither is it for the sun to overtake (or catch up to) the moon, nor can the night outstrip the day. And all float on in an orbit.”

  “Though the sun and the moon both traverse the belt of the Zodiac, and their motions are different, they never catch up each other. When the sun and the moon are on the same side and on a line with the earth there is a solar eclipse, and when on opposite sides in a line, there is a lunar eclipse, but there is no clash …Similarly, Night and Day follow each other, but being opposite cannot coincide.”   Thus, the sun and moon not being able to “catch up” to the other means they do not “clash.”      

 Allāh reveals in His Qur’an 3:27: “Thou makest the night to pass into the day and Thou makest the day to pass into the night; and Thou bringest forth the living from the dead and Thou bringest forth the dead from the living; and Thou givest sustenance to whom Thou pleasest without measure.”
   In creating the earth a sphere and rotating Allāh has thus created night and day. While parts of the earth are in “day” mode parts are in “night” mode.  
That Allāh says the sun and moon are used for reckoning time does not mean they have no other use(s). While we basically wear garments to cover our private(s), garments can also beautify us, make comfortable, conceal blemish, and protect from  the elements

 Allāh tells us in His Qur’an 57:21: “Vie one with another for forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden the extensiveness of which is as the extensiveness of the heaven and the earth.”
 It could be quipped that the Garden is extensive as only ONE ‘heaven and earth’ and that the other six “heavens and earths,” as Allāh says He created SEVEN

( via no god but allah.org )



The Planets


It is difficult to say whether these are referred to in the Quran with the same exact meaning that is given to the heavenly bodies in the present day.

The planets do not have their own light. They revolve around the Sun, Earth being one of them. While one may presume that others exist elsewhere, the only ones known are those in the solar system.

Five planets other than Earth were known to the ancients: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Three have been discovered in recent times: Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.

The Quran would seem to designate these by the word kaukab (plural kawakib) without stating their number. Joseph's dream (sum 12) refers to eleven of them, but the description is, by definition, an imaginary one.

A good definition of the meaning of the word kaukab in the Quran Seems to have been given in a very famous verse. The eminently spiritual nature of its deeper meaning stands forth, and is moreover the subject of much debate among experts in exegesis. It is nevertheless of great interest to offer an account of the comparison it contains on the subject of the word that would seem to designate a 'planet'.

Here is the text in question: (sura 24, verse 35)

"God is the light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His light is as if there were a niche and within it a luminary. The luminary is in a glass. The glass is as if it were a planet glittering like a pearl."

Here the subject is the projection of light onto a body that reflects it (glass) and gives it the glitter of a pearl, like a planet that is lit by the sun. This is the only explanatory detail referring to this word to be found in the Quran.

The word is quoted in other verses. In some of them it is difficult to distinguish which heavenly bodies are meant (sura 6, verse 76; sura 82, verses 1-2).

In one verse however, when seen in the light of modern science, it would seem very much that these can only be the heavenly bodies that we know to be planets. In sura 37, verse 6, we see the following:

"We have indeed adorned the lowest heaven with an ornament, the planets."

Is it possible that the expression in the Quran 'lowest heaven' means the 'solar system'? It is known that among the celestial elements nearest to us, there are no other permanent elements apart from the planets: the Sun is the only star in the system that bears its name. It is difficult to see what other heavenly bodies could be meant if not the planets. The translation given would therefore seem to be correct and the Quran to refer to the existence of the planets as defined in modern times.

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Astronomy in the Quran<<<

 

Al-Inshiqaq 84:18-20
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
And [I swear by] the moon when it is full, you will mount up stage by stage! What is the matter with them, that they have no faith? 
 After swearing by the Moon, in the above verses Allah said that people will mount up stage by stage. The term tarkabunna comes from the verb rakiba, (to mount, walk on a path, follow, embark upon, set about, participate, or rule). In the light of these meanings, it is very likely that the expression "you will mount up stage by stage" refers to a spacecraft to be boarded. 

Ar-Rahman
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
O company of jinn and men, if ye have power to penetrate (all) regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate (them)! Ye will never penetrate them save with (Our) sanction. (33)


Our entire Solar System is flying through space, orbiting the center of the galaxy at the incredible speed of over 900,000 km/hr (560,000 miles/hr). It takes 225 million -250 million years for its one cycle or rotation.   So, even while you think you are standing still on Earth, you are moving at very high speeds in three dimensions, (1st its rotation on its own axis, 2nd its orbital motion around sun and 3rd all solar system orbiting the center of the galaxy).  It’s a good thing we have Earth’s gravity holding onto us.  In fact, all the stars you see in the sky are orbiting the Milky Way at similar speeds, like a high-speed merry-go-round in space.

Can we fly out of our galaxy and beat the speed of 900,000 km/hr or 250 km/sec? may be in future but…

Please remember from the prior journey in past that the fastest speed ever achieved by human beings was 11 km/sec, the speed attained by the Apollo spacecraft.

Well, how many days, weeks, months or years would it take Apollo (or you) to reach the nearest star to Earth (aside from our own sun)?  To calculate it, we first have to determine how far away the star is from us in kilometers.  That’s easy.  Proxima Centauri is about 4.23 LY away, and 1 LY = 9.46 x 1012 km.  So, the star is 4.23 x (9.46 x 1012) = 4.0 x 1013 km (40 trillion kilometers) (in miles, that’s 24.7 trillion miles (2.5 x 1013 miles)).  Now, just divide the distance to the star in km by 11 km/sec (the speed of Apollo), and you’ll find the time it would take to get there in seconds.  Convert that to years (I’ll leave that to you). 

One (1) ly = 9.46 x 1012 km, or 5.87 x 1012 miles.  That is 9.46 trillion km (5.87 trillion miles).  Obviously, that is a stupendous number.  Written out, it is 9,460,000,000,000 km or 5,870,000,000,000 mi. 
You should have discovered that to reach the nearest star to us at the fastest speed ever achieved by people, would take you … over 115,000 years!  That is almost 6,000 generations … of your children, and grandchildren, and great grandchildren, and their children’s children’s children’s children … watching out your ship’s front window … living and dying … century after century, millennia after millennia.  115,000 years … just to reach the closest star to us.  That is 20 times longer than all of human recorded history, back to the days of our most ancient civilizations … 20 times longer!  If you left Earth at the time of the ancient Greeks 4,000 years ago, you would only be less than 4% of the way to the star by now.
 Can you think to fly out of our Milky Way Galaxy?
A galaxy is a giant rotating clump of stars, gas and space dust in space.  When we say, “giant”, we mean Colossal!  The Milky Way is the name of the galaxy containing our Solar System.  That haze in front of you is stars … billions of individual stars and gas and dust and space rocks.  Their mutual gravitational attraction is pulling them (and us) together

The Milky Way galaxy in fact, is estimated to have about 500 billion (500,000,000,000) stars in it. Our solar system is within red mark in the above picture.  Please read the article “Our Solar System” and “How big is the Universe?”
Remember that each star is a very long way
 from every other one, so putting 500 billion stars together in a galaxy takes a LOT of room. 
The Milky Way, for example, is at least 100,000 light years in diameter (that’s 950,000,000,000,000,000,000 km). 
If traveling at the fastest speed ever reached by humans, it would take you over 2.7 BILLION YEARS to cross our galaxy from one side to another.  By car, it would take you … 1,100 TRILLION years!  God Almighty is great. Who can think even to cross the milky way?
Please consider what this really means.

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Astronomy in Quran By Zahid Ikram<<<**

 

 "Al-Hobuk"

 

 When astronomers peer into space, they see a spidery network along walls and filaments….In the largest calculation of its type, Max Planck astronomers and their colleagues within an international consortium have used a T3E supercomputer to study how the matter in a large fraction of the whole observable Universe evolved into the complex web of walls and filaments discovered in recent galaxy maps.Observations indicate galaxies are distributed in a filament-dominated web-like structure. Numerical experiments at high and low redshift of viable structure formation theories also show filament-dominance. The web is largely defined by the position and primordial tidal fields of rare events in the medium, with the 

strongest filaments between nearby clusters whose tidal tensors are nearly aligned

 

This is our universe as it appear after the largest computer simulation, every point in this picture is a galaxy! Each galaxy contain more than hundred billion stars!! We can only say: Subhana Allah.
The filamentary distribution of galaxies connecting galactic clusters are formed by the dynamic evolution of correlation bridges between the galaxies. Clusters that are at a distance less than the mean cluster separation distance have strong correlation bridges. Numerical simulations show that the web of filaments that describes the final state of the galaxies occurs even in the initial density fluctuations. The pattern of the cosmic web is dependent on the rare density peaks in the initial fluctuations. Superclusters of galaxies are cluster-cluster bridges linked by the filaments.The amazing thing the Holy Quran has mentioned this discovery 1400 years ago! Allah The Almighty said: "By the sky with its fabrics" [51/7]. The old explanation of this verse was: "By the sky with its pathes" because they did not understand the word "fabric" i.e "Al-Hobok". So we can today understand this verse well. The word "Al-Hobok" means "fabrics" and we can see this cosmic web clearly.


This verse is a clear proof that the Quran is the Book of God

 

  How Filaments are Woven into the Cosmic Web, Nature, Vol. 380, pp. 603, http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9512141

 

 By: Abduldaem Al-Kaheel

 

 SOURCE .

>>>


Secrets Of Quran Miracles< - الصفحة 11 - ملتقى الشفاء الإسلامي

**

 

 

  1. pulsar.gif (2171 bytes) The Miracle of the Rain, Thunder and Electrical "fertilization" caused by winds in the Noble Quran!
      
  5. The Pressed/squeezed Clouds (المعصرات) Miracle in the Glorious Quran.
      
  6. Clouds are kept in the air by the winds, mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!
      
  7. The Ozone layer is a protective ceiling to earth, PRECISELY mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!  Our protective sky will eventually "release" its gases into space.
      
  8. The Ozone layer is able to heal itself from damage - mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by science!
      
  9. The Ozone layer is raised to balance air pressure and temperature - mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by science!
      
  10. The amazing creation of earth (its 7 properties from atmospheric and inner layers) and iron in the Noble Quran.   Iron came from space, and the Noble Quran mentioned it.
      
  11. Some Scientists claim that the Universe consists of 7 Layers and 7 Properties.
      
  12. Iron was sent down to earth from space (AUDIO).
      
  13. The fine tuning of the Universe.   
  14.  
  15. Seven Atmospheric Layers in the Noble Quran confirmed by Science!
      
  16. Living Creatures were sent down from space. Science confirms the Noble Quran's Claim.
      
  17. The Speed of Light in the Noble Quran - A superb article by a Muslim Mathematician!
      
  18. Lack of Oxygen and painful low pressure in space.  Science confirmed the Noble Quran's Divine Claim.
      
  19. pulsar.gif (2171 bytes) The breathing cycle during the day on planet earth by the plants, humans and animals - mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!
      
  20. The Shooting Stars (Shahab) Quran Miracle is confirmed by Science!  This is indeed one of the Glorious Quran's Top Stunning Miracles!  The Gamma Ray Bursts and Cosmic Jets affirm to the Truth of Noble Verse 67:5 and the other ample Noble Verses in the Glorious Quran, that I provided in the article.  Also, the Miracle of Copper in Noble Verse 55:35 is also thoroughly confirmed with 10s of pictures, references, quotations and proofs from ample Scientific sources.
      
  21. Precise mentioning of "Black Holes" by their name and function in the Noble Quran!
      
  22. The Cosmic Web Miracle in the Noble Quran is confirmed by Science!
      
  23. Does the Holy Quran state that "shooting stars" stop demons from eavesdropping on Heaven?  Scientific proofs that support the Holy Quran, from NASA, are provided in this article.
      
  24. A very good article on this topic.
      
  25. The moon's S-shaped orbit around earth is shaped like a branch of a date tree, mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!
  26.  
  27. Moon is mentioned 28 times in the Noble Quran, exactly as the number of times and phases it appears to earth!
      
  28. The fate of the moon in the Holy Quran and science.
      
  29. The Moon is moving towards the Sun, and the Earth is moving away from the Sun, and the earth's direction of rotation is changing - Mentioned in the Noble Quran and Confirmed by Science.
      
  30. pulsar.gif (2171 bytes) The sun rays that we see during the day are different from the ones seen in space - mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!
      
  31. The skinning of the day from the night Miracle.
        
  32. The Glorious Quran precisely predicts that our sun will turn into a "White Dwarf" dimmed star, and Science has confirmed this!
      
  33. pulsar.gif (2171 bytes) The Lunar Calendar is the most accurate calendar - mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science.  Also the precise calculation of difference between the Gregorian and Lunar calendars is demonstrated in the Noble Quran.
      
  34. Moon is mentioned 28 times, exactly as the number of days it appears per month, in the Noble Quran!
      
  35. The appearance of the splitting of the moon in half was witnessed by many Muslims.
      
  36. Did Noble Verse 54:1 come from Imru'u Al-Qays' (امرئ القيس) poems?
      
  37. The cracking of the moon mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by science!
      
  38. Images of the moon's fault line and ancient moonquakes (earthquakes) that cracked it.
      
  39. Swimming in Space by the Gravitational Waves - Mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!
      
  40. pulsar.gif (2171 bytes) Pulsars are Knocking and through their Gamma-Rays and high spinning speeds are Penetrating - Mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!
  41.  
  42.   
  43. Pulsars in the Noble Quran.
      
  44. Black Holes and Piercing Stars in the Noble Quran were confirmed by Science.
      
  45. www.speed-light.info/pulsars_black_holes.htm
      
  46. Precise Prophecy about humans traveling up to space in the Noble Quran (VIDEO).
      
  47. Possible prediction of the SUN sinking into a black hole in Noble Verses 36:38 and 81:1!
      
  48. What does the Holy Quran say about black holes?
      
  49. The Noble Quran states that the light of the moon is reflected light.
  50.   The Overwhelming Scientific Miracles in the Holy Quran.
    Detailed Analysis from Lisan Al-Arab (this alone is 10 big books) and 7 other dictionaries proving the Scientific Miracles in the Holy Quran in Great Details.
    The Ozone layer is a protective ceiling to earth, PRECISELY mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by Science!
  51. Our protective sky will eventually "release" its gases into space.
      
  52. The Ozone layer is able to heal itself from damage - mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by science!
     
  53. The Ozone layer is raised to balance air pressure and temperature - mentioned in the Noble Quran and confirmed by science!
      
    54. Dhul Qarnayn's story.  Sunrise and sunset.  Also Why حمئة and not حاميةٍ.  Dhil Qarnayn's journey is detailed with scientific and geographical maps that are more 1000 years old.
  54. The sunsetless North Pole Miracle in the Glorious Quran [1].
  55. Sunrise and sunset in the Hadiths.
  56. The iron gates of Dhul Qarnayn were found.
  57. The overwhelming Scientific and Numerical Miracles in the Glorious Quran.
  58. The North and South Poles, and Prayer and Fasting Times.
  59.  
    60. SOURCE 
  60. >>>>

 

The Miracle of the Sky's Cycles in our Atmosphere - Answering ...***


^^^^


How Islamic scholarship birthed modern astronomy | Astronomy.com



Is the Qur'an scientifically correct? (1) (Astronomy)

Does the Qur’an support a geocentric view of the universe?

How can you fast in the poles if sunrise to sunset takes months? Also how do you pray if there is a sunrise and sunset that takes 6 months?

Did the Qur’an confuse meteors with stars? Are stars missiles shot at devils?

Six days of creation or six periods?

Was the earth created before stars?

Calling together or ripping apart?
Was the universe made from smoke?
Seven heavens and seven earths?


Are stars in the Lowest/nearest heaven?

Similar size and distance of the sun and moon?

According to the Qur’an, does the moon have its own light or is it a reflected light?

Was the moon split in two?
Can stars fall?

The cause of shadows changing length?

Setting and rising place of the sun. Does the sun set in a particular place? Can you travel to the place where the sun sets or rises?

Allah, Lord of Sirius?
Age of the universe in the Qur’an?

Is the sky a protected roof?
“Hydrogen” in the Qur’an?


The Big Bang theory and the expansion of the universe in the Qur’an?
Water on Earth coming from outer space in the Qur’an?
Period of the moon’s orbit in the Qur’an?
Heavens or Earth? Which was created first?
Are the sun and the moon in the same orbit?
Is the universe finite or infinite?
Rose-colored Nebula in the Qur’an?
Period of the Earth’s orbit in the Qur’an? Does the word “day” occur 365 times in the Qur’an? Does the word “month” occurs 12 times in the Qur’an?
Solar year and lunar year in the Qur’an?

Are the seven heavens solid objects?



Can the sky fall down on people?

 

Dark Matter and Dark Energy by shahinaz yousef


The substance that keeps the universe together from the great collapse is dark matter. Even though dark matter is invisible, it surrounds and holds the entire universe, like the steel constructions of a building. Even with a small break in the dark matter pattern, billions of galaxies would collide. The Qur'an says, look at the sky, can you see cracks, if you look for it, you will get tired but you will not find it. At the same time, he says, God holds the heavens so that they do not collapse. Yes, there is no expression that can describe dark matter as miraculously as these two verses by bilim ve yaratılış

  • Dark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that cannot be seen with telescopes but accounts for most of the matter in the universe. The existence and properties of dark matter are inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, on radiation, and on the large-scale structure of the universe. Dark matter has not been detected directly, making it one of the greatest mysteries in modern astrophysics.

    Dark matter neither emits nor absorbs light or any other electromagnetic radiation at any significant level. According to the Planck mission team, and based on the standard model of cosmology, the total mass–energy of the known universe contains 4.9% ordinary (baryonic) matter, 26.8% dark matter and 68.3% dark energy. Thus, dark matter is estimated to constitute 84.54% of the total matter in the universe, while dark energy plus dark matter constitute 95.1% of the total mass–energy content of the universe (wikipedia).

    This Hubble Space Telescope composite image shows a ghostly "ring" of dark matter in the galaxy cluster Cl 0024+17.
    Credit: NASA, ESA, M.J. Jee and H. Ford (Johns Hopkins University)

    Elusive Dark Matter May Have Already Been Found

    The very important characteristic of dark matter that we cannot be seen as stated by verse 31: 2.

    The second characteristic is that it is in the form of pillars.

    A detailed map of dark-matter distribution across a large swath of the universe. Dark matter are filamentary structure shown in red and yellow while galaxies are shown in black.
    Credit: Dark Energy Survey.     http://www.space.com/29085-dark-matter-maps-unknown-universe.html?li_source=LI&li_medium=most-popular

    The new maps show that in some places there are large amounts of dark matter, while in others it is almost entirely absent. The researchers who made the maps also looked at the location of regular matter — huge clusters of galaxies — and show that the two appear to be linked: the galaxy clusters tend to lie close to where the dark matter lies.

    The map, produced from data

    taken by the Dark Energy Survey, was released yesterday (April 13) here at the April 2015 meeting of the American Physical Society. The new map is in agreement with current theories, which suggest that the enormous gravitational pull of dark matter would pull regular matter toward it -- bringing the dark universe and light universe together. [Gallery: Dark Matter Throughout the Universe]

  • The Quranic verse: He created the heavens without pillars you can see

    Implies that the creation of the heavens with

    1- Invisible matter

    2- It is in the form of pillars.

    3- Its function is to stabilize the heaven lest it should shake. This is deduced from the continuation of the verse which mentions the role of mountains lest the earth should shake.

    Perhaps there is some truth in the above reference that the enormous gravitational pull of dark matter would pull regular matter toward it -- bringing the dark universe and light universe together

    4- The mention of making plants in pairs in the same verse 31:10 might be a hint to the nature of dark matter. Perhaps it is made of anti matter and Allah knows best. It may be what is left over from the highly condensed original matter left over from the cosmic egg.“He created the heavens without pillars that you see and has cast into the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift with you, and dispersed therein from every creature. And We sent down rain from the sky and made grow therein [plants] of every noble kind (31:10)”. CHAPTER Lukman

    Verse 31:10 is referring to invisible pillars of dark matter

    Present day estimation of the matter in the cosmos is dark matter and ordinary (baryonic) 26.8% and 4.9% respectively (Wikipedia)

    matter% = Baryonic matter% + DARK MATTER %

    31.7 % = 4.9 % + 26.8 %

    we see less than 5% of the cosmos

    weWe will adopt the Quran code 31.10 for the percentage of matter in the cosmos

    Note that according to verse 31:10

    The characteristic of dark matter are as follows:

    It is invisible

    It is in the form of pillars.

    Its function is to stabilize the cosmos.

    the last point is inferred from the following statement about the function of mountains in the same verse

    and has cast into the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift withyou Now look at the pillars of dark matter with trillions of galaxy of clusters embedded in it

    المر تِلْكَ آَيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ وَالَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ الْحَقُّ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (1) اللَّهُ الَّذِي رَفَعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهَا ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ يُفَصِّلُ الْآَيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّكُمْ تُوقِنُونَ (2) سورة الرعد

    Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see, ….13:2

    This verse is taking about dark energy.

    Dark energy is the most accepted hypothesis to explain the observations since the 1990s indicating that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate contrary to expectation.

    This is the second elevation after the inflation that occurred following the big bang.The first inflation is mentioned in Surat Al Naziaat:

    أَأَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقًا أَمِ السَّمَاءُ بَنَاهَا (27) رَفَعَ سَمْكَهَا فَسَوَّاهَا (28) سورة النازعات

    Are you more difficult to create, or is the heaven that He constructed? (27).

    He raised the height thereof leveled it, (79:28).

    Verse 28 is referring to the construction of the heaven. Most important is that this inflation led to leveling up of the cosmos. Observations of the cosmic microwave background demonstrate that the universe is very nearly flat (Deceleration parameter, Wikipedia, Deceleration parameter - Wikipedia).By the heaven with crochet (51:7).

    The number of the verse indicates that this heaven is the 7th heaven. This is supported by the following map of the cosmos.

    Fig . Artist's logarithmic scale conception of the observable universe with the Solar System at the center, inner and outer planets, Kuiper belt, Oort cloud, Alpha Centauri, Perseus Arm, Milky Way galaxy, Andromeda galaxy, nearby galaxies, Cosmic Web, Cosmic microwave radiation and the Big Bang's invisible plasma on the edge(10)wikipedia

    Arabic meanings of habk means strain. If the strain is eased in order to carry a burden this also hubkh .الحُبْكة

    Knit a knot means to make it strong and tight. And habk the heaven means also its ways.

    In the Holy Quran وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ (7)

    means the ways or roads of stars. Abo Isaq said it means beautiful ways. Also means well done.

    Indeed, now that computer images of the cosmic web are revealed, we can describe it as beautiful strained knitting of a net work composed of dark matter presenting roads or ways of stars, galaxies, clusters and super clusters of galaxies which beautifully decorates the network (Fig 5). The knots of the network are tightened. No stars are found outside these roads.

    These galaxies network is surely perfect and well done.

    Gravitational waves must have great impact on crochet structuring of this upper seventh heaven in this strained ways or web. In addition the inclusion of this seventh verse in sūrat l-dhāriyāt (the winds which carry atoms) indicates the emission of strong cosmic rays emitted from the multitude of galaxies of stars embedded in the dark matter which forms the skeleton of the heaven with crochet.

    These galaxies network is surely perfect and well done.Gravitational waves must have great impact on crochet structuring of this upper seventh heaven in this strained ways or web. In addition the inclusion of this seventh verse in sūrat l-dhāriyāt (the winds which carry atoms) indicates the emission of strong cosmic rays emitted from the multitude of galaxies of stars embedded in the dark matter which forms the skeleton of the heaven with crochet.

    Let us return to earlier verses

    then the burden-bearers (2)

    then the runners with ease (3)

    Verse 2 may refer to the dark MATTER pillars which their strain are released on carrying excessive weights of supper clusters of galaxies.

    As to verse (3), the word run is used in the Quran to describe the motion of the sun

    وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَهَا ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (38) سورة يس

    "And the sun -- it runs to a fixed resting-place; that is the ordaining of the All-mighty, the All-knowing (36:38)".

    Chapter (36) sūrat ya sin

    then the runners with ease (3)

    Could be referring to the motion of stars, galaxies and galaxy clusters. Actually they do move within the dark matter pillars.

    Most important is the Devine oath with the cosmic web which indicates the greatness and importance of such web which is the seventh heaven, the outer most heaven which underlines the thick covering protective edge of the cosmos.

    This cover would be removed at the end of the cosmos

    The seventh verse is covered by a thick preserving envelop

    وَإِذَا السَّمَاءُ كُشِطَتْ (11) سورة التكوير

    Chapter (81) sūrat l-takwīr (The Overthrowing)

    "And when the heaven has its covering removed (81:11)"THE LOCALITY OF STARS

    You see as the Holy Quran indicates, pillars of dark matter with trillions of clusters of galaxies embedded in the dark matter pillars.

    These are the positions of stars. Clusters and super clusters of galaxies are found within pillar routes of dark invisible matter. Note that these pillars like strings are curved as the great galaxies weights they carry induce strain. Note also that the knots are tightened. These characteristics are understood from the Arabic word حبك

    hubok which points to tightening of knots, relaxation due to carrying the burden. It also indicates the beauty of this knitting and decoration by stars as well as the perfectness of this heaven. Notice also the variability of thickness of these dark matter pillars which could present different stages of evolution.

    سورة الواقعة

    Nay, I swear by the positions of the stars (75) And indeed, it is an oath - if you could know - [most] great (76). Indeed, it is surely a noble Quran (77) In a Book kept (maknoon) hidden (well guarded) (78) None touch it except the purified (79) A sending down from the Lord of the 'Al Alameen' worlds (56:80).

    A sending down from the Lord of the 'Al Alameen' worlds (56:80).

    This is the cosmos, pillars of dark matter with multitudes of super clusters of galaxied

  • Religious cosmologies

  • Hindu cosmology

  • Biblical cosmology


The Infallibility of the Bible: Astronomical Errors - UK Essays



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between the backbone and ribs?

  warning : there are  a lot of alternative explanations A version of the above objection is misplaced. The Qur’ān does not refer to sperm, ...