Misconception: The Quran says the Earth was created in 6 days
Verses such as 7:54, 10:3, 11:7, 25:59, 32:4, 50:38, 57:4 are often cited, e.g.
50:38 And We have created the heavens and the Earth and what is between them in six periods/days and no fatigue touched Us.
Whilst the Arabic word "yawm" (plural "ayyam") is commonly translated as "day" (as in 24 hour period) this is not its only meaning in The Quran. It has been used to mean: "event, a moment in time" (1:4, 2:48, 2:85, 2:254 etc), "today, this/that day/moment" (2:249, 3:167, 12:54, 5:3, 40:17 etc), "unspecified length of time, days, period, era" (3:24, 14:5, 3:140, 45:14, 69:24 etc). In classical Arabic dictionaries, such as Lane's Lexicon, it is said its primary meaning is "time" (whether little or not).
It should be noted that a 24 hour day is only possible AFTER the earth and sun have been created, not prior, so this interpretation does not fit from the outset.
Also, The Quran clearly implies time is relative [22:47, 32:5, 70:4] and these verses use the word "yawm", confirming this word does not represent a fixed length of time.
An interesting, albeit speculative, argument has been made that despite not knowing the length of time "yawm" refers to in the earth/heavens creation verses, The Quran implies the creation of the earth took two of these periods/yawm [41:9] thus making the age of the earth 2/6 (i.e. one third) of the total age of the universe. The latest scientific estimate of the age of the universe is approximately 13.8 billion years and the earth 4.54 billion years. If we divide these values (4.54/13.8) it results in 0.33 (i.e. one third), which is a good fit.
SOURCE : MİSCONCEPTİON-ABOUT -İSLAM.COM
Meanings of Sama: One of the meanings is absolute highness,Another meaning is just highness,Firmaments,Atmosphere,Also the word Sama as mentioned in some Hadiths can mean: stars; galaxies and clusters.
Meanings of Ardh: One of the meanings is earth,Another meaning is land,One of the most indications of Ardh is seven Ardhean (plural of Ardh: The interior and lower part of the Universe) Also the word Ardh can mean a field, and a part of the land. In Arabic, the lower part of anything is called ardh. For example, the ardh of a vehicle, room and so on is its floor.
Scientific evidence indicates that the universe began around (8 billion-16 billion years ago) from a giant explosion called the big bang(http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/age.html ). Allâh says: "Moreover, He comprehended in His design the Sama (upper part of universe), and it had been smoke: He said to it and to Ardh (the lower; interior; part of the Universe): 'Come ye, willingly or unwillingly.' They said: 'We do come, in willing obedience'." (Surah 41, Verse 11). At early stages, the Universe was hot and opaque as indicated by the verse: "and it had been smoke"
by Hussain Y.I.R. Omari
Age of Universe
The stronger the gravity the slower the time.
[Quran 22.47] They challenge you to bring forth that torture [in Hell] and Allah will not break His promise; a day of your Lord [Paradise/Hell promise] is like a thousand years of what you count.
[Quran 7.54] And your Lord, Allah, who created the Heavens and the Earth in six days and then settled on the Throne...
[Quran 41.9] Say: "Is it that you deny Him [Allah] who created the Earth in two days? And you claim others to be equal to Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds."
[Quran 50.38] And we have created the Heavens and Earth and EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN in six days and We were not touched by fatigue.
[Quran 41.9-12] Say: "Is it that you deny Him [Allah] who created the Earth in two days? And you claim others to be equal to Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds." He set on it (Earth) mountains, and bestowed it with blessings. And [Allah] estimated all its sustenance in four days, equally for those who ask (prayers) AFTER THIS (Thumma in Arabic) [Allah] commanded the heaven and it was still smoke. He said to it and to Earth: "Come together, willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come together, in willing obedience". So [Allah] judged them as seven heavens (one above the other) in two days and revealed to each heaven its orders. And We [Allah] adorned the lowest heaven with lights, and protection. Such is the decree of the Exalted; the Knowledgeable.
Age of Universe in Quran - Miracles of Quran
Creation of the Universe - Quran-Islam.org - True Islam**
Creation of the Universe - Quran-Islam.org - True Islam**
Universe made in Six Aeons By Mumtaz Khan - Quran & Science***
The word يوم yawm which in some places is translated as day, refers to other meanings as well depending upon in which context it is being used. Stages, period, or phases are some other meanings of the same word. Definition of this particular word is also given at another place within the Quran where its says that our one day can be equivalent to many thousand days for Allah Almighty. Point is, it is not our one 24 hour day which is being referred to when time of creation in mentioned.
At two places Quran has referred to 1 day = 1000 Earth years, and in one place it has referred 1 day = 50000 years (doesn’t specifically says Earth years).
Verse 22:47 - 1 day = 1,000 Earth years اَلۡفَ سَنَۃٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّوۡنَ.
Verse 32:05 - 1 day = 1,000 Earth years کَاَلۡفِ سَنَۃٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّوۡنَ.
Verse 70:04 - 1 day = 50,000 years یَوۡمٍ کَانَ مِقۡدَارُہٗ خَمۡسِیۡنَ اَلۡفَ سَنَۃٍ.
For the last verse, using Earth years as reference, this makes it 365.25 x 50000 = 18,262,500 years. And taking each day as 1000 years as per verses 22:47 and 33:05, it makes it 18,262,500,000 years.
Scientists have adjusted age of the universe more than once over many decades. 13.8 billion years is only our best scientific estimate yet. And this 18.2625 billion years might refer to something else as well as part of the creation of the universe which science doesn’t have knowledge of yet. Maybe it is the period of maximum expansion of the universe, or some sort of time before the Big Bang happened, or something else.
Quran has very well described the phenomenons, which scientists have started discovering only recently, and this is a proof of its truthfulness and that it is indeed from someone who actually knew what happened in the universe, in what order, and what was going to happen in the future. Instead of objecting on Quran, it is in our own benefit to ponder upon the Quran unbiasedly and benefit from it.
[21:31] “Do not the disbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were a closed-up mass, then We opened them out?”
[25:60] He Who created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six periods, then He settled Himself on theThrone. The Gracious God! Ask thou then concerning Him one who knows.[11:8] And He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods[7:55] Surely, your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods; then He settled Himself on the Throne.[10:4] Verily, your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods, then He settled Himself on the Throne; He governs everything.
[32:5] Allah it is Who created the heavens and the earth, and that which is between them, in six periods; then He settled on the Throne. You have no helper or intercessor beside Him. Will you not then reflect?[50:39] And verily, We created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six periods, and no weariness touched Us.[57:5] He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods, then He settled Himself on the Throne.
[30:27] And to Him belongs whosoever is in the heavens and the earth. All are obedient to Him.[37:6] Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them and the Lord of the sun’s risings.[42:30] And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and of whatever living creatures He has spread forth in both. And He has the power to gather them together when He pleases.
- 3Very early universe
- 4Early universe
- 4.1The quark epoch
- 4.2Hadron epoch
- 4.3Neutrino decoupling and cosmic neutrino background
- 4.4Possible formation of primordial black holes
- 4.5Lepton epoch
- 4.6Photon epoch
- 4.7Nucleosynthesis of light elements
- 4.8Recombination, photon decoupling, and the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
- 5The Dark Ages and large-scale structure emergence
- 6Current appearance of the Universe
Chronology of the universe - Wikipedia
- Six Or Eight Days Creation?
How Do We Know The Age Of The Universe? - Forbes
How Do We Know The Age Of The Universe? - Forbes
Physical and chemical evidence from meteorite fragments indicates that the solar system, including Earth, formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago. However, the oldest rocks found on Earth so far date back to approximately 3.8 billion years ago. Therefore, there is no direct record of the first 0.8 billion years of Earth's history.
Earth’s hidden stabilizing mechanism may help keep the planet habitable
A new study finds that Earth’s “stabilizing feedback” keeps global temperatures in check. By
- Researchers find Earth has a “stabilizing feedback” mechanism.
- The mechanism of “silicate weather” helps regulate the planet’s carbon cycle.
- The planet balances out extreme climate shifts, according to the new study.
Our planet’s climate is a hot topic for discussion, and with good reason — Earth is the cradle of all our lives. What happens to it affects us and our children directly. But while we’re worried we may be changing its climate now, the history of the planet is rife with major climate cataclysms. It went through periods of boiling heat and ice ages, it was pummeled by radiation and asteroids. Somehow Earth has survived it all so far and a new study from MIT researchers makes the case that Earth has a “stabilizing feedback” mechanism, which over hundreds of thousands of years tends to counterbalance extreme climate shifts, bringing temperatures around the world back into a comfortable range for habitability.
The scientists pinpointed this mechanism to be “silicate weathering,” which is a geological process that helps regulate our planet’s carbon cycle. It involves the gradual weathering of silicate rocks that can neutralize carbon dioxide emissions from the planet’s crust and mantle by sending them into ocean sediments. It’s an ongoing check on global temperatures.
The one exception
In a fascinating twist on their findings, the scientists found one case where the pattern didn’t seem to hold up — over very long timescales. If you look at gaps of a million years or more, no stabilizing feedbacks seem to be clearly present. So what has kept the temperatures stable over longer periods?
One theory is that it could have been simply chance. As the paper states, chance “may have played a nonnegligible role in maintaining the long-term habitability of Earth.” “There’s an idea that chance may have played a major role in determining why, after more than 3 billion years, life still exists,” Rothman stated.
Or perhaps over longer periods, propose the scientists, the fluctuations in temperature remain in the geological range where stabilizing feedbacks like silicate weathering can keep maintaining the climate within the range that can support life.
وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَاءً لِلسَّائِلِينَ (10)
(قوت ), qwt
قَاتَ
1 قَاتَ ذ , (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. يَقُوتُ, (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. قَوْتٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and قُوتٌ (Sb, K) and قِيَاتَةٌ, (S, O, K,) the last originally قِوَاتَةٌ, (O,) He fed, nourished, or sustained, (S, Msb, TA,) or fed with what would sustain the body, (S, O, K, * TA,) [or with food sufficient to sustain life,] or with a small supply of the means of subsistence,
فُلَانٌ يَتَقَوَّتُ بِكَذَا
5 فُلَانٌ يَتَقَوَّتُ بِكَذَا ذ [Such a one feeds, nourishes, or sustains, himself with such a thing], (S, O,) or بِالقَلِيلِ [with that which is little]:
diferent stages from six period time universe QURAN 41 :10
And He made in it stabilizers above its and He blessed therein and made therein its sustenance, in four periods: alike for the seekers
4 four periods equal
Quran 41:11
Then He directed (Himself) towards the sky while it (was) smoke, and He said to it and to the earth, "Come both of you willingly or unwillingly." They both said, "We come willingly."
It was generally believed around 5 billion years ago, the Earth collided with a planet the size of Mars. Then by around 4.6 billion years ago, almost no atmosphere was found on the planet, as it was covered by a rock of molten lava. However, when the planet cooled, the atmosphere began to develop from gases spewed from volcanoes, which included much of the carbon dioxide. Half a billion years ago, the Earth's surface began to cool when the atmosphere was solidified and layered with rich oxygen in order for water to collect on the surface for the evolution of life.via wikipedia
Earliest atmosphere
The first atmosphere, during the Early Earth's Hadean eon, consisted of gases in the solar nebula, primarily hydrogen, and probably simple hydrides such as those now found in the gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), notably water vapor, methane and ammonia. During this earliest era, the Moon-forming collision and numerous impacts with large meteorites heated the atmosphere, driving off the most volatile gases. The collision with Theia, in particular, melted and ejected large portions of Earth's mantle and crust and outgassed significant amounts of steam which eventually cooled and condensed to contribute to ocean water at the end of the Hadean.[113 .via wikipedia
Then He directed (Himself) towards the sky while it (was) smoke, and He said to sky and to the earth, "Come both of you willingly or unwillingly." They both said, "We come willingly.
Ancient planet named Theia is buried deep inside of the Earth ByEric Ralls
Each of these structures, twice the size of the Moon, showcased different elemental proportions than their surrounding mantle. They were named “large low-velocity provinces” or LLVPs due to the slowed seismic waves that passed through them, a result of their unusually high iron content.
Seismic images reveal Theia
“Seismic images of Earth’s interior have revealed two continent-sized anomalies with low seismic velocities, known as the large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs), in the lowermost mantle,” explained the study authors.
“The LLVPs are often interpreted as intrinsically dense heterogeneities that are compositionally distinct from the surrounding mantle.”
Giant-impact hypothesis
The origin of these mysterious LLVPs has been the subject of debate for decades. However, the recent study suggests that these structures are remnants of Theia, a planet believed to have violently crashed into Earth
Focus of the Theia study
The basis of this discovery traces back to a seminar in 2019 where Qian Yuan, a geophysicist at Caltech, had a “eureka moment” after hearing about the giant-impact hypothesis and the iron-rich Moon. Yuan speculated that the iron-rich impactor might have transformed into the LLVPs.
To validate this theory, Yuan and his interdisciplinary team conducted simulations examining Theia’s potential chemical composition and the dynamics of its impact with Earth.
Physics of the Theia collision
The simulations confirmed that the physics of the collision could have indeed led to the creation of both the LLVPs and the Moon. Notably, parts of Theia’s mantle might have merged with Earth’s mantle, eventually forming the two distinct blobs we see today, while other debris formed the Moon.
“Here we show that LLVPs may represent buried relics of Theia mantle material (TMM) that was preserved in proto-Earth’s mantle after the Moon-forming giant impact,” wrote the researchers.
“Our canonical giant-impact simulations show that a fraction of Theia’s mantle could have been delivered to proto-Earth’s solid lower mantle.”
Merging mantles
But why did Theia’s remnants form two separate blobs instead of blending uniformly with Earth’s forming structure? The team’s simulations suggest that much of the energy from Theia’s impact was concentrated in Earth’s upper mantle, ensuring the lower mantle remained cooler than previously thought.
This cooler lower mantle allowed Theia’s iron-rich material to clump together at the core-mantle boundary, reminiscent of the unmelted blobs in a switched-off lava lamp.
Study implications
Professor Paul Asimow highlighted the implications of this discovery: “A logical consequence of the idea that the LLVPs are remnants of Theia is that they are very ancient.”
“It makes sense, therefore, to investigate next what consequences they had for Earth’s earliest evolution, such as the onset of subduction before conditions were suitable for modern-style plate tectonics, the formation of the first continents, and the origin of the very oldest surviving terrestrial minerals.”
The researchers concluded that because giant impacts are common at the end stages of planet accretion, similar mantle heterogeneities caused by impacts may also exist in the interiors of other planetary bodies.
AFTER COLLİSİON :
QURAN 41:12 2 STAGES
Second atmosphere 1.STAGE QURAN 41:12
The increasing solidification of Earth's crust at the end of the Hadean closed off most of the advective heat transfer to the surface, causing the atmosphere to cool, which condensed most of the water vapor out of the air precipitating into a superocean. Further outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases introduced by huge asteroids during the Late Heavy Bombardment, created the subsequent Archean atmosphere, which consisted largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide, methane and inert gases.[113] A major part of carbon dioxide emissions dissolved in water and reacted with metals such as calcium and magnesium during weathering of crustal rocks to form carbonates that were deposited as sediments. Water-related sediments have been found that date from as early as 3.8 billion years ago.[114]
About 3.4 billion years ago, nitrogen formed the major component of the then-stable "second atmosphere". The influence of the evolution of life has to be taken into account rather soon in the history of the atmosphere because hints of earliest life forms appeared as early as 3.5 billion years ago.[115] How Earth at that time maintained a climate warm enough for liquid water and life, if the early Sun put out 30% lower solar radiance than today, is a puzzle known as the "faint young Sun paradox".[116]
The geological record however shows a continuous relatively warm surface during the complete early temperature record of Earth – with the exception of one cold glacial phase about 2.4 billion years ago. In the late Neoarchean, an oxygen-containing atmosphere began to develop, apparently due to a billion years of cyanobacterial photosynthesis (known as the Great Oxygenation Event),[117] which have been found as stromatolite fossils from 2.7 billion years ago. The early basic carbon isotopy (isotope ratio proportions) strongly suggests conditions similar to the current, and that the fundamental features of the carbon cycle became established as early as 4 billion years ago.[118]
Ancient sediments in the Gabon dating from between about 2.15 and 2.08 billion years ago provide a record of Earth's dynamic oxygenation evolution. These fluctuations in oxygenation were likely driven by the Lomagundi-Jatuli Carbon Isotope Excursion.[119]
Third atmosphere 2. STAGE QURAN 41 :12
The constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere by transferring carbon dioxide to and from large continental carbonate stores. Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event[120] and its appearance is indicated by the end of banded iron formations (which signals the depletion of substrates that can react with oxygen to produce ferric deposits) during the early Proterozoic eon.[121]
Before this time, any oxygen produced by cyanobacterial photosynthesis would be readily removed by the oxidation of reducing substances on the Earth's surface, notably ferrous iron, sulfur and atmospheric methane. Free oxygen molecules did not start to accumulate in the atmosphere until the rate of production of oxygen began to exceed the availability of reductant materials that removed oxygen. This point signifies a shift from a reducing atmosphere to an oxidizing atmosphere.[122] O2 showed major variations during the Proterozoic, including a billion-year period of euxinia, until reaching a steady state of more than 15% by the end of the Precambrian.[123]
The rise of the more robust eukaryotic photoautotrophs (green and red algae) injected further oxygenation into the air, especially after the end of the Cryogenian global glaciation, which was followed by an evolutionary radiation event during the Ediacaran period known as the Avalon explosion, where complex metazoan life forms (including the earliest cnidarians, placozoans and bilaterians) first proliferated. The following time span from 539 million years ago to the present day is the Phanerozoic eon, during the earliest period of which, the Cambrian, more actively moving metazoan life began to appear and rapidly diversify in another radiation event called the Cambrian explosion, whose locomotive metabolism was fuelled by the rising oxygen level.[124]
The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere has fluctuated over the last 600 million years, reaching a peak of about 35% around 280 million years ago during the Carboniferous period, significantly higher than today's 21%.[127] Two main processes govern changes in the atmosphere: the evolution of plants and their increasing role in carbon fixation, and the consumption of oxygen by rapidly diversifying animal faunae and also by plants for photorespiration and their own metabolic needs at night. Breakdown of pyrite and volcanic eruptions release sulfur into the atmosphere, which reacts and hence reduces oxygen in the atmosphere.[128] However, volcanic eruptions also release carbon dioxide,[129] which can fuel oxygenic photosynthesis by terrestrial and aquatic plants. The cause of the variation of the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is not precisely understood. Periods with more oxygen in the atmosphere were often associated with more rapid development of animals.[120]
ALLAH KNOWS BEST
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