7 Nisan 2018 Cumartesi

Heaven And Earth Came Together ? or Ripped Apart?

Claim :

The next contradiction is about the coming together of heaven and earth Vs. ripping apart from each other. 
(Koran 41:11) 
...He said to the sky and to the earth: "Come 
ye together willingly or unwillingly." They said: 
"We do come together in willing obedience." 
  • Earth Created before Stars ?**

  • Universe was Made from Smoke ?**
  • Explaining this passage, Zamakhshari observes: "The meaning of God's command to the skies and the earth to 'come', and their submission [to His command] is this: He willed their coming into being, and so they came to be as He willed them to be...: and this is the kind of metaphor (majaz) which is called 'allegory' (tamthil)... Thus, the purport [of this passage] is but an illustration (taswir) of the effect of His almighty power on all that is willed [by Him], and nothing else...." (It is obvious that Zamakhshari's reasoning is based on the oft-repeated Qur'anic statement, "When God wills a thing to be, He but says unto it, 'Be' - and it is.") Concluding his interpretation of the above passage, Zamakshari adds: "If I am asked about the meaning of [the words] 'willingly or unwillingly', I say that it is a figurative expression (mathal) indicating that His almighty will must inevitably take effect." by muhammad assad

The universe’s earliest sound waves in the Qur’an?**



(Koran 21:30) 
Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and 
the earth were joined together before WE clove 
them asunder... 

answer



 These two verses speak of two very different events. "Do the unbelievers not realize that the heavens (space) and the earth (matter) used to be one solid mass that we exploded into existence?" 21:30 
"Then He turned to the sky (space), when it was still smoke, and said to it, and to the earth (matter), "Come willingly or unwillingly." They said, "We come willingly." 41:11 
Immediately we are given various accurate scientific indications that these two verses speak of two completely different events. 
These indications are: 
1- The word 'exploded' in 21:30 confirms the original moment of the Big Bang when time, space and matter were all one unit of creation that exploded outwards. 
2- The command from God to space and matter to 'come willingly (into existence)….', in 41:11 implies that space and matter were already in existence. This confirms that this verse speaks of an event subsequent to the initial moment of creation. 
3- The word 'smoke' in 41:11 is very accurate in describing the hot gases that formed after the Big Bang explosion, and which condense under their gravitational pull to form stars and galaxies. 

It becomes obvious thus that 21:30 speaks of the outward explosion of the Big Bang , while 41:11 speaks of the subsequent inward condensation of clouds of gas and matter under their gravitational force, to form stars and galaxies. ( by assufah )

Calling together or ripping apart?

41:11 Then He directed (Himself) towards the heaven while it was smoke, and He said to it and to the earth, "Come both of you willingly or unwillingly." They both said, "We come willingly." 41:12 Then He completed them as seven heavens in two periods and He revealed in each heaven its affair. And We adorned the nearest heaven with lamps and to guard. That is the Decree of the All-Mighty, the All-Knower.

(“Earth” in Verse 41:11 does not refer to planet earth, but, according to the context, earth means matter, by which stars, planets and galaxies formed, on the other hand, the heaven is “space”)(One interpretation of Verse 41:11 is that it occurs after the Big Bang. Heaven and earth are required to come (to be formed)In astrophysics, accretion is the accumulation (“coming” (41:11)) of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter (“smoke” (41:11)), in an accretion disk. Galaxies, stars, and planets, are formed by accretion processes)(Source: the article “accretion (astrophysics)” in wikipedia)(The Verse does not necessarily imply that heaven and earth merged, but instead, each one was formed, because Verse 41:12 says “He completed them”)(Allah knows best)

21:30 Do not see those who disbelieved that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, then We parted them and We made every living thing from water? Then will they not believe?

(Verse 21:30 uses the words “heavens” and “earth”; according to the context, “earth” is “matter”, and “heavens” is “space”)(One interpretation is that this Verse talks about the Big Bang (Big Bang: how the universe expanded from a single point. All the matter, energy, and light; were all compacted into a dense point. The universe then expanded)And the article, “Big Bang theory for kids”, in “sciencing(dot)com”, by “Chris Deziel”, says, “Space and matter existed in a single point called a singularity; an infinitesimally small and dense point. The Big Bang was not literally and explosion – all we can really say is that it is the point at which space and time began to expand into the universe we know today”)(Another interpretation of the Verse is that the heavens (a joined entity) were parted into seven spaces (41:12, 2:29), including its contents (matter), because the universe is composed of matter)(Allah knows best)


 by amin

source:

Calling together or ripping apart?



 www.answering-christianity.com/earth.htm***

 www.answering-christianity.com/hot_gas.htm***


'Called Together' or 'Ripped Apart'?: by Ansar Al 'Adl*



The Qur'an explains that the earth and the heavens were at first conjoined and then separated. Modern science, on the other hand, reports that all gases in the atmosphere leave the ground and form the atmosphere. The universe-facing aspect of the separation of heaven and earth was that the entire universe was united at first and was separated by the big-bang explosion.by kurtuluş berzan


  Meanings of Sama: One of the meanings is absolute highness,Another meaning is just highness,Firmaments,Atmosphere,Also the word Sama as mentioned in some Hadiths can mean: stars; galaxies and clusters.

 Meanings of Ardh: One of the meanings is earth,Another meaning is land,One of the most indications of Ardh is seven Ardhean (plural of Ardh: The interior and lower part of the Universe) Also the word Ardh can mean a field, and a part of the land.  In Arabic, the lower part of anything is called ardh.  For example, the ardh of a vehicle, room and so on is its floor.

  Scientific evidence indicates that the universe began around (8 billion-16 billion years ago) from a giant explosion called the big bang(http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/age.html ).  Allâh says: "Moreover, He comprehended in His design the Sama (upper part of universe), and it had been smoke: He said to it and to Ardh (the lower; interior; part of the Universe): 'Come ye, willingly or unwillingly.' They said: 'We do come, in willing obedience'." (Surah 41, Verse 11).  At early stages, the Universe was hot and opaque as indicated by the verse: "and it had been smoke".

 

Out of this big bang explosion was born mostly hydrogen and helium atoms with a scant amount of lithium: "Do not the Unbelievers see that the Samawat (plural of Sama) and the Ardh were Ratq (joined, coupled), before We Fatq (clove asunder, decoupled) them?(Surat Al-Anbiyaa No. 21, verse 30).
The Arabic word (Ratq), implies that at early stages of Universe, matter used to have smeared and continuous mass distribution, and both matter and radiation were coupled together.  Later on, God clove them asunder (Fatq): Implying that matter had started clumping and holding together to help forming galaxies.  The universe became transparent, and matter is no more coupled to radiation.  Consequently Sama (Upper part of Universe) and Ardh (Interior part of Universe) are decoupled; each into seven distinct and probably concentric spherical shells.

   by Hussain Y.I.R. Omari


Origin of Matter and Energy:

The universe is made up of matter and energy, therefore their origin deserves a brief discussion. Matter is known to be made up of hundred and odd elements like hydrogen’, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, iron. gold, silver etc. Each element in turn is made up of atoms. An atom of an element consists of a nucleus containing neutrons and protons around which revolve electrons. Neutrons are electrically neutral, protons are positively charged and electrons negatively charged. There are a number of other subatomic particles, but to avoid making the subject highly technical they have not been included here. Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of neutrons, protons and electrons. The simplest atom is that of hydrogen which contains one proton in its nucleus and one electron orbiting it. The helium atom contains two protons and two neutrons in its nucleus with two electrons revolving around it. Thus atoms, the building blocks of matter, are composed of electrically charged particles which indicates that matter results when energy organizes itself in a specialized form and that there is no absolute difference between matter and energy. The evidence that the universe is expanding, has made scientists infer that the substance from which the universe was created, to start with, was concentrated at one place as an incredibly dense core of radioactive neutrons. The neutron decays by emitting an electron and thus becomes positively charged i.e, a proton. The proton or hydrogen nucleus is capable of capturing more neutrons, some of which decay to form protons within the nucleus, thus building up the nuclei of heavier and heavier elements. This has given rise to the conclusion that to begin with, the universe consisted entirely of hydrogen gas from which evolved all other elements. This synthesis and evolution of elements is believed to be taking place in the present-day stars, too, where temperatures range from ten to hundred Million degrees centigrade. George Gamow is of the opinion that 250 Million years after the explosion (initiation of the expansion of the universe) radiation predominated matter and the matter of the universe remained dispersed as thin gas and later matter began to dominate over radiation.

Theory of Oscillating Universe:

This theory is also known as the ‘Super Dense Theory’ or the ‘Big Bang Theory”. It states that if the universe is expanding at, a known rate, then as we go back in time, the groups of galaxies must have been closer and closer and there must have been a lime when all the matter and energy constituting the universe was concentrated at one place in the form of a super dense agglomeration. By working backwards, from the observed rate of recession of galaxies, it is found that they should have been packed close together some 15 billion years ago. At about this time, it is postulated, that there was a ‘Big Bang’, as a result of which the super, dense agglomeration was scattered into multitudes of fragments, all travelling with different speeds and in different directions finally condensing to form the present day heavenly bodies. The observed expansion of the universe is a continuation of this process. This theory concentrates on a specific event as the ‘Beginning’ of the universe and conceives of a progressive evolution from that point to the present.

source.

The Quran Asks: 21-30


Hubble’s Law


For thousands of years, astronomers wrestled with basic questions concerning the universe.  Until the early 1920’s, it was believed that the universe had always been in existence; also, that the size of the universe was fixed and not changing.  However, in 1912, the American astronomer, Vesto Slipher, made a discovery that would soon change astronomers’ beliefs about the universe.  Slipher, noticed that the galaxies were moving away from earth at huge velocities.  These observations provided the first evidence supporting the expanding-universe theory.[1]

Before the invention of the telescope in 1608, man could do little more than wonder about the origin of the universe. (Courtesy: NASA)

In 1916, Albert Einstein formulated his General Theory of Relativity that indicated that the universe must be either expanding or contracting.  Confirmation of the expanding-universe theory finally came in 1929 in the hands of the well known American astronomer Edwin Hubble.
By observing redshifts[2] in the light wavelengths emitted by galaxies, Hubble found that galaxies were not fixed in their position; instead, they were actually moving away from us with speeds proportional to their distance from earth (Hubble's Law).  The only explanation for this observation was that the universe had to be expanding.  Hubble’s discovery is regarded as one of the greatest in the history of astronomy.  In 1929, he published the velocity-time relation which is the basis of modern cosmology.  In the years to come, with further observations, the expanding-universe theory was accepted by scientists and astronomers alike.

photos by ıliyas islamov 
And the heaven We constructed it /have built / with strengths/forces , and undoubtedly/ certainly/ , We (are) surely/absolutely (its) Expanders. (Quran 51:47)
The root of the word (بِاَيْدٍ) bieydin (ايد) means power. Lane's Lexicon, page 136 (of 3039).
This word is a plural word. We see that in many meanings, the meaning is given in the singular form as force, power. This is not true. According to Arabic grammar, since the word is plural,  should be translated as powers,forces 
There are 4 fundamental forces that build and build our universe.

Gravitational force
electromagnetic force
strong nuclear force
Weak nuclear force


51|47|وَٱلسَّمَآءَ بَنَيْنَٰهَا بِأَيْي۟دٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ

Ve s-semâe beneynâhâ bi eydin ve innâ le mûsiûn.
The root (وسِعُ) (vesiu) in this word means to make wide (roomy), to make very wide (vast), to make wide (spacious), to extend , to inflate (expand).
Lane's Lexicon, Volume 8, pages: 306307
The lām(le ) added to the beginning of the word is for emphasis. It usually gives emphasis, such as "surely" or "indeed". Almighty Allah has placed great emphasis on the expansion process. This shows that the expansion process itself is very large and the expansion process continues constantly. by Prof. Dr. İbrahim Esinler
( the lam not added 51:48 maahidoon :spreaders /preparers

sentence structure is different .
the word الْمَاهِدُونَ l-māhidūna (spreader) has not exactly the same grammar in arabic  as the word لَمُوسِعُونَ lamūsiʿūna (i.e. expander) in the previous verse
"muusi3", which is the active participle of the IV form ( continuity) (awsa3a) of the root waw-siin-3ayn. The active participle can be used in Arabic to express any of the three tenses,
51:48 And the earth We have spread out/furnished , and  how excellent (are ) the preparers/spreaders.
  Various interpretations have been made for the word eyd in verse 47, depending on its meanings of "strength, power" or "hands"; These interpretations converge on the point of expressing that the magnificent structure and order of the sky depends on the power of Almighty Allah (Râzî, XXVIII, 226). The word "sky", which is expanded by taking into account its usage in the Quran, can be interpreted in this and similar contexts as "the universe" (Esed, III, 1070-1071), "the whole universe outside the world" (Celal Kırca, p. 62).by diyanet .gov.tr

In other words, I must deny even such a clear miracle, and it always leaves an open door for those who say they do not want to believe. It does not show miracles to the point of forcing anyone to believe, but it shows miracles that are mature enough for the reasonable to accept. Such deniers can hold on to the old meaning and deny that the Quran is a miracle.by kurtuluş berzan


Psalm 104, in somewhat metaphorical language (after all, it is a song of praise), is describing the Creator and his work of creation of this world. There we read,

Which covereth himself with light, as with a garment, and spreadeth the heavens like a curtain” (Psa 104:2; Geneva Bible).

The straightforward interpretation from the context is God created the starry heavens and put them up like you might erect a canopy or a tent. The Hebrew word rendered in English here is natah, meaning to stretch out or incline. For example, in Exodus 10:22 the same Hebrew word is rendered ‘stretched forth’,

Then Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven … .”

Also we read in Isaiah 40:22,

He sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers, he stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out, as a tent to dwell in” (Geneva Bible).

Here the Lord is seen from the perspective of the earth. Clearly it is spherical (‘circle’ comes from the Hebrew word chug, which more correctly means ‘sphere’). And then He describes the creation of the starry heavens. They are stretched out (Hebrew word, natah) as a curtain. Curtains are made of a fabric that is constant in size but erected across the windows—they do not expand, nor stretch out like a rubber sheet. The verse goes onto say that the heavens are spread out (Hebrew, mathach) as a tent. Once a tent is erected it remains the same size. Its material does not stretch nor expand, not very much anyway. The Hebrew here has the meaning ‘to spread out or over’ as is the case with beaten metal. This may mean that space has some substance to it, but again once it has been erected it is fixed. It is not a stretchy material like a rubber balloon.by 

Does the Bible really describe expansion of the universe?


Shiva-purana verse 2.5.50.29: When praising Śiva, Bhārgava says the following:

suspicious traslation 

... 29. O sky-formed one, because you give space within and without, that this universe evolves and expands; O merciful one, it always breathes in you and naturally merges in you Hence I bow to you. ...
(source)

 आकाशरूपबहिरंतरुतावकाशदानाद्विकस्वरमिहेश्वर विश्वमेतत् ।

त्वत्तस्सदा सदय संश्वसिति स्वभावात्संकोचमेति भक्तोऽस्मि नतस्ततस्त्वाम् ॥ २९ ॥

ākāśarūpabahiraṃtarutāvakāśadānādvikasvaramiheśvara viśvametat |
tvattassadā sadaya saṃśvasiti svabhāvātsaṃkocameti bhakto'smi natastatastvām || 29 ||

google traslate



Verse 2.5.50.29 - Shiva Purana [sanskrit]


''There are those who say that the expression of the stretching of the heavens was mentioned in the Torah and Hindu sources before the Quran.
   Allah has never left any nation that established civilization and urbanization without a prophet. Even though Indian texts have been distorted over time and misinformation has been added to suit human understanding, there are opinions that their source is based on the prophets. Therefore, even if such miraculous expressions are found in these books, they confirm the Qur'an.



If you say that the Quran may have taken these expressions from those books. First of all, Arabs are an unlettered community and the Prophet is also unlettered. They were not a nation that dealt with books. They were even forced to write on materials such as skin and bone. So the book was a luxury for them. They did not have the internet so that they could scan the sources of each nation in detail. Then, they ask why the Quran did not take any mistakes in these distorted books, but always chose the truth and miracles.by mustafa ali uçar
At the time of the revelation of the Quran, the word “space” was not known, and people used the word “heaven” to refer to what lies above the Earth.  In the above verse, the word “heaven” is referring to space and the known universe.  The verse points out that space, and thus the universe, happens to be expanding, just as Hubble’s Law states.
That the Quran mentioned such a fact centuries before the invention of the first telescope, at a time when there was primitive knowledge in science, is considered remarkable.  This is more so considering that, like many people in his time, Prophet Muhammad happened to be illiterate and simply could not have been aware of such facts by himself.  Could it be that he had truly received divine revelation from the Creator and Originator of the universe?


Cosmic Background Explorer Data
A microwave map of the leftover from the Big Bang that gave birth to the universe. (Courtesy: NASA)

It is mentioned in the Quran:
“He (God) is the Originator of the heavens and the earth…” (Quran 6:101)
“Is not He who created the heavens and the earth Able to create the likes of them?  Yes; and He is the Knowing Creator. His command is only when He intends a thing that He says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.” (Quran 36:81-82)
The above verses prove that the universe had a beginning, that God was behind its creation, and all that God needs to do inorder to create is to say “Be,” and it is.  Could this be an explanation as to what triggered off the explosion that brought about the beginning of the universe?
The Quran also mentions:

“Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, then We separated them, and made from water every living thing?  Then will they not believe?” (Quran 21:30)

genesis 1:6-10

And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so. God called the vault “sky.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.

And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good.

The Nāsadīya Sūkta (after the incipit ná ásat, or "not the non-existent"), also known as the Hymn of Creation, is the 129th hymn of the 10th mandala of the Rigveda (10:129):mentions the world beginning from nothing through the power of heat.[19][20] This can be seen as corresponding to the Big Bang theory.
4 different traslation

3

तम॑ आसी॒त्तम॑सा गू॒ळ्हमग्रे॑ऽप्रके॒तं स॑लि॒लं सर्व॑मा इ॒दं ।

तु॒च्छ्येना॒भ्वपि॑हितं॒ यदासी॒त्तप॑स॒स्तन्म॑हि॒नाजा॑य॒तैकं॑ ॥

tamaḥ ǀ āsīt ǀ tamasā ǀ gūḷham ǀ agre ǀ apra-ketam ǀ salilam ǀ sarvam ǀ āḥ ǀ idam ǀ

tucchyena ǀ ābhu ǀ api-hitam ǀ yat ǀ āsīt ǀ tapasaḥ ǀ tat ǀ mahinā ǀ ajāyata ǀ ekam ǁ

google traslate



||3|| Before creation, darkness was covered with darkness, the one not knowing the ingredients of even water, but there was some latent cause, the upadana karana from which creation arose from whose heat of wisdom the first element of enlightenment happened.by

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3
There was darkness concealed in darkness.
All was water without shape.
The One enclosed in nothing
Emerged by the power of heat.by diwakar kumar

10.129.03 There was darkness covered by darkness in the beginning, all this (world) was undistinguishable water; that empty united (world) which was covered by a mere nothing, was produced through the power of austerity. [Austerity: tapas = not penance, but the contemplation of things which were to be created: yah sarvajn~ah sarvavit yasya jn~a_namayam tapah: Mund.a.ka Upanis.ad 1.1.9].by 

Bharatkalyan97

Rig Veda 10.129.3 [English translation]


 

10.129.06 Who really knows? Who in this world may declare it! whence was this creation, whence was it engendered? The gods (were) subsequent to the (world's) creation; so who knows whence it arose? [Whence was it engendered: i.e., from what material cause, and from what creative cause, did it arise?]

All planets and stars originated from the Sun?

Brahmanda Purana I.2.24.46 “All these, viz. the moon, the stars and the planets should be known as originating from the sun. The moon is the lord of all stars and the sun is the king of planets.” Tr. G.V. Tagare

Linga Purana I.59.41-45 “…It should be known that the moon, stars and planets are all born of the sun…” Tr. Board of Scholars, Edited by J.L. Shastri

Euripides,fr. 484 (Melanippe Wise):

wrong traslation ;

“The story is not mine, but from my mother:
Sky and Earth were once a single form.
When they were split apart from one another
They created and delivered all things to the light:
Trees, birds, beasts the sea supports
And the race of mortal men.”


google traslate:

I am a myth, but I am a mother too,
as Uranus and 
Gaia were one form
whereupon they were separated by each other,
they always waved in the light,
trees, chickens, game that brine feeds
race of mortals

Most linguists trace the etymology of the name Οὐρανός to a Proto-Greek form *Worsanós (Ϝορσανός),[10] enlarged from *ṷorsó- (also found in Greek οὐρέω (ouréō) 'to urinate', Sanskrit varṣá 'rain', Hittite ṷarša- 'fog, mist').[11] The basic Indo-European root is *ṷérs- 'to rain, moisten' (also found in Greek eérsē 'dew', Sanskrit várṣati 'to rain', or Avestan aiβi.varəšta 'it rained on'), making Ouranos the "rain-maker",[11] or the "lord of rain".[12]

A less likely etymology is a derivative meaning 'the one standing on high' from PIE *ṷérso- (cf. Sanskrit várṣman 'height, top', Lithuanian viršùs 'upper, highest seat', Russian verh 'height, top'). Of some importance in the comparative study of Indo-European mythology is the identification by Georges Dumézil (1934)[13] of Uranus with the Vedic deity Váruṇa (Mitanni Aruna), god of the sky and waters, but the etymological equation is now considered untenable.[1 via wikipedia 

In Greek mythologyGaia (/ˈɡə, ˈɡə/;[2] Ancient GreekΓαῖαromanizedGaîa, a poetic form of Γῆ (), meaning 'land' or 'earth'),[3] also spelled Gaea /ˈə/,[2] is the personification of the Earth.[4] Gaia is the ancestral mother—sometimes parthenogenic—of all life. She is the mother of Uranus (Sky), from whose sexual union she bore the Titans (themselves parents of many of the Olympian gods), the Cyclopes, and the Giants; as well as of Pontus (Sea), from whose union she bore the primordial sea gods. Her equivalent in the Roman pantheon was Terra.[5] via wikipedia


Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the nether world: translation

1-26In those days, in those distant days, in those nights, in those remote nights, in those years, in those distant years; in days of yore, when the necessary things had been brought into manifest existence, in days of yore, when the necessary things had been for the first time properly cared for, when bread had been tasted for the first time in the shrines of the Land, when the ovens of the Land had been made to work, when the heavens had been separated from the earth, when the earth had been delimited from the heavens, when the fame of mankind had been established, when An had taken the heavens for himself, when Enlil had taken the earth for himself, when the nether world had been given to Erec-kigala as a gift; when he set sail, when he set sail, when the father set sail for the nether world, when Enki set sail for the nether world -- against the king a storm of small hailstones arose, against Enki a storm of large hailstones arose. The small ones were light hammers, the large ones were like stones from catapults (?). The keel of Enki's little boat was trembling as if it were being butted by turtles, the waves at the bow of the boat rose to devour the king like wolves and the waves at the stern of the boat were attacking Enki like a lion.

8. an ki-ta ba-da-ba9-ra2-a-ba
 en: when the heavens had been separated from the earth,
9. ki an-ta ba-da-sur-ra-a-ba
 en: when the earth had been delimited from the heavens,


“Among the Egyptians for example, it was the involuntary separation of Geb (the earth god) from his wife and sister Nut (the sky goddess) that was responsible for the division of the earth from the sky. The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh likewise describes the moment “when the heavens had been separated from the earth, when the earth had been delimited from the heavens” as a result of the separation of a sky God (An) from an earth Goddess (Ki)''
In mythologies, what is meant by the separation of the earth and the sky is generally the separation of the sky and earth gods.
. The idea of different parts of the Cosmos being split is indeed one of many recurring themes in ancient Creation Myths. What is not prevalent is the description of a ratq, a closed-up, dark mass, from which the heavens and earth once emerged, along with the lack of contradictory and inaccurate details. 

Moreover, if the Prophet Muhammad were, God forbid, a plagiariser, why would he go by creation myths from Pagan culture which he detested? Why would he not take from the Bible, to which he at least had theoretical access? But of course, the Days of Creation listed in the Bible are radically different to those in the Quran, as are so many other details. The Prophetpbuh did not plagiarise from the Bible or anywhere else. 

Not only this, but the link between Sumerian/Egyptian creation myths, and Arab creation myths, is simply asserted. There is no evidence for this.

Furthermore, an analysis of Sumerian and Egyptian creation myths refutes this absurd criticism. Sumerian creation myths do indeed mention various gods separating the heavens and the earth. However, what the critics do not describe, is the fact that this separation is part of a much wider creation myth which is completely contrary to both the Quran and modern science. by  

for detail sumerian and egyptian creation myth analysis:

Big Bang Cosmology in the Quran: A Response to


The probability of Prophet Muhammad reading Sumerian tablets and Egyptian hielogrhyphs is close to zero.*

It is important not to repeat the mistakes and irrational things in the creation myths.**

You will see in the last part that the issue is not just about the separation of the heavens and the earth, but that the words are chosen carefully. If you are sincerely  looking for the truth.***

genesis 2 :19 Now the Lord God had formed out of the ground all the wild animals and all the birds in the sky. He brought them to the man to see what he would name them; and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name.
Syriac church father Ephrem (d. 373 CE).allegation :

''Just as the sun which rules the day, by the fact that "it gives light to the earth", causes the fruits of the earth to ripen, so also does the moon which rules in the night, tempering the strength of the night by its brightness, also bring forth, according to its first nature, fruits and vegetation. For Moses speaks in his blessings of "the yield which the moon brought forth." Along with the other things on account of which the light was created, we say that the light was created on the first day for the sake of the things that were to come forth. After the earth brought forth everything during the course of the third day then there came [ the moon ] in the manner of the light on the fourth day, so that in the moon as well as in the light the beginning of all fruit might be found, and then through the sun all vegetation becomes ripe.

It was through light, then, and through water that the earth brought forth everything. Even though God was able to bring forth everything from the earth without these things, it was His will to show that there was nothing that was created on earth that was not created for the purpose of man or for his service.

The waters that the earth drank on the first day were not salty. Even if they were like the deep on the surface of the earth, they were still not seas. For it was in the seas that these waters, which were not salty before being gathered together, became salty. When they were sent throughout the entire earth for the earth to drink they were sweet, but when they were gathered into seas on the third day, they became salty, lest they become stagnant due to their being gathered together and so that they might receive the rivers that enter into them without increasing. For the quantity that the seas require for nourishment is the measure of the rivers that flow down into them. The rivers flow down into the seas lest the heat of the sun dry them up. The saltiness [ of the seas ] then swallows up [ the rivers ] lest they increase, rise up and cover the earth. Thus the rivers turn into nothing, as it were, because the saltiness of the sea swallows them up.

Even if the seas were created when the waters were created and were hidden in the waters, and the seas were bitter, the waters above them were not bitter. For just as in the flood there were seas, but they were covered over [ by those waters ], they were not able to change the sweet waters of the flood, which came from above, into their bitter nature, for if these waters had been bitter, how were the olives and all the plants preserved in them? How did those of the house of Noah and those with them drink from them''

Saint Ephraim - Commentary on Genesis

 1:1-10
'Thus, through light and water the earth brought forth everything.' The fruits and vegetation of what is meant by the sentence is clear.It is obvious that these statements do not affect the Quran.
Ephrem comments " all animal ...result of the combining of earth and water". The Quran draws attention only to water, therefore the Quran is not a copy.
Empedocles established four ultimate elements which make all the structures in the world—fireairwaterearth.[6][h] Empedocles called these four elements "roots", which he also identified with the mythical names of ZeusHeraNestis, and Aidoneus[i] (e.g., "Now hear the fourfold roots of everything: enlivening Hera, Hades, shining Zeus. And Nestis, moistening mortal springs with tears").[7] Empedocles never used the term "element" (στοιχεῖονstoicheion), which seems to have been first used by Plato.via wikipedia
Empedocles' views have nothing to do with the Quran.
Aetius v, 19, 4 gives the following account of Anaximander’s zoogony:
Ἀναξίμανδρος ἐν ὑγρῷ γεννησθῆναι τὰ πρῶτα ζῷα φλοιοῖς περιεχόμενα ἀκανθώδεσι,
προβαινούσης δὲ τῆς ἡλικίας ἀποβαίνειν ἐπὶ τὸ ζηρότερον καὶ περιρρηγνυμένου τοῦ
φλοιοῦ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον χρόνον μεταβιῶναι.
Kirk, Raven and Schofield (KRS) translate this:
Anaximander said that the first living creatures were born in moisture enclosed in thorny
bark; and that as their age increased they came forth on to the drier part and, when the
bark had broken off, they lived a different kind of life for a short time (1983:141).
However, it is possible to translate this passage in other ways and I would translate:
Anaximander said that the first animals were generated in moisture and enclosing themselves in spine like barks, as they advanced in age they moved onto the drier and shedding
their bark for a short time they survived in a different form.
Anaximander also definitely
locates human beings as part of the natural order. There is also some notion of change
from the first life forms to the life forms we see today. The relevant passages are:
Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies, 1, 6, 6:
Life forms are generated from moisture by evaporation from the sun. In the beginning,
man was similar to another life form, namely fish.by andrew gregory 
''One of Thales’ contributions was based upon his observation that water was the most abundant material on the Earth and all plants and animals needed it for life. ''by Joyce Puglia

Thales's most famous idea was his philosophical and cosmological thesis that all is water, which comes down to us through a passage from Aristotle's Metaphysics.[43] In the work, Aristotle reported Thales's theory that the arche or originating principle of nature was a single material substance: water. Aristotle then proceeded to proffer a number of conjectures based on his own observations to lend some credence to why Thales may have advanced this idea (though Aristotle did not hold it himself).

While Aristotle's conjecture on why Thales held water as the originating principle of matter is his own thinking, his statement that Thales held it as water is generally accepted as genuinely originating with Thales. Writing centuries later, Diogenes Laërtius also states that Thales taught "Water constituted (ὑπεστήσατο, 'stood under') the principle of all things."[46][f]

According to Aristotle:[43]

That from which is everything that exists and from which it first becomes and into which it is rendered at last, its substance remaining under it, but transforming in qualities, that they say is the element and principle of things that are. …For it is necessary that there be some nature (φύσις), either one or more than one, from which become the other things of the object being saved... [The first philosophers] do not all agree as to the number and the nature of these principles. Thales the founder of this type of philosophy says that it is water.

Aristotle further adds:

Presumably he derived this assumption from seeing that the nutriment of everything is moist, and that heat itself is generated from moisture and depends upon it for its existence (and that from which a thing is generated is always its first principle). He derived his assumption from this; and also from the fact that the seeds of everything have a moist nature, whereas water is the first principle of the nature of moist things."[48][g] via wikipedia

 Thales lived most of his life on an island, water surrounded the island and fell from the sky. Plants and animals need water to survive. If you squeeze just about anything hard enough, water will emerge. Water is absorbed into dirt and rocks and in turn water dissolves things. Water evaporates, and condenses, and freezes, it is capable of becoming vapor or solid and of returning to liquid unchanged.

Water really is quite magnificent, it is fundamental to life, and has some really interesting properties all of which probably led to Thales theory that all is water.by justin richards


"Quran says every living things  is made  from Water, and Thales said that 'everything is originates from water.'So there is a difference,


"Thales said it"
No, he said EVERYTHING,all material is made from water and returns to water. He thought that the words started with water,every litteral thing was made from water, he thought that earth floated on water.
this is wrong in many ways

Not only is he wrong and the Quran corrects it, but the author of the Quran managed to "copy" only the scientific facts from his beliefs, for instance he thought that earth floated on water, Why did not the author of the Quran copy that or any of the false beliefs of the greeks? by @Zlatomi30195971

>>>

Of course, there may be statements about the importance of water in other societies. Otherwise, everyone would believe in the Quran. There will always be expressions similar to the Quran. There will always be a gap of denial. Correct information alone is not a miracle. The sequencing and coming together of correct information is this miracle.


Science: From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allows replication. All known forms of life depend on water. [ copied from Water_effect_on_life] On the origin of life in water, Renaissance scientists including Harvey and Redi, and in the 1850's, Louis Pasteur's research on bacteriology proposed that life emerged from a long, increasingly complex chain of chemical reactions. These reactions are believed to have begun in the depths of the oceans because the atmosphere was not sufficiently developed to protect living organisms from ultraviolet radiation. [3] via wikipedia



Biological Roles of Water: Why is water necessary for life?


And We sent down water from the heaven in proper quantity, and we made Earth is dwelling, and We are Able to take it away.

[Quran 23.18]

If God made Earth its dwelling (فَأَسْكَنَّاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ ) then this means that water formed in outer space. In another verse, the Quran explains how water came down from outer space. The clouds are enslaved between the Earth and the heavens but the water itself came from the heavens above the clouds:

In the water which Allah sent down from the Heavens and brought with it life to Earth after being dead and gave life in it to every kind of land animal; And in directing the winds; And in the clouds that are enslaved between the Heavens and the Earth; [All these] are Signs for a people who comprehend.

[Quran 2.164]

So the water itself came from the heavens above the clouds. Here God is not talking about rain (matar or wadk in Arabic) instead God is talking about water (مَاءٍ).

In another verse, the Quran says that water originally came from the heavens (above the clouds) in the form of ice. There are mountains in the heaven that have ice inside them; those mountains could fall on Earth making a very bright flash:

Can’t you see that Allah makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a pile? Then you see rain come out from within? And He sends down from heaven mountains with ice inside them; that strike whomever He wishes or miss whoever He wishes; Its flash almost blinds you.

[Quran 24.43]God sent down from the heavens (above the clouds) mountains with ice inside them! The clouds are enslaved between the Heavens and the Earth but the water itself originally came from the Heavens (above the clouds) in the form of ice in mountains. They make a flash, this is the description of comets and meteors when they hit our atmosphere.

Rain hits everyone (no exceptions) however the Quran referred to mountains: “that strike whomever He wishes or miss whoever He wishes”. Of course, the meteor that killed the dinosaurs was the size of a mountain. If we get hit with a meteor the size of a mountain we too will die. It is Gods’ choice that we live or die.

How could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have known that water originally came from ice in comets?

More than half your body weight is water. Animals and plants on Earth are mostly water. All life in our universe also needs water. When scientists search for life on exoplanets they only look for planets with water; no water means no life. via kaelafa.com

 

Comets of Ice mentioned in the Noble Quran and .

water as drink and sustenance
It is He who sends down water for you from the sky, from which comes a drink for you, and the shrubs that you feed to your animals. With it He grows for you grain, olives, palms, vines, and all kinds of other crops. There truly is a sign in this for those who reflect…It is He who made the sea of benefit to you: you eat fresh fish from it and bring out jewelry to wear; you see the ships cutting through its waves so that you may go in search of His bounty and give thanks. Can He who creates be compared to one who cannot create? Why do you not take heed?
—from The Prophets (21:30)
water as life force
He brings the living out of the dead and the dead out of the living. He gives life to the earth after death, and you will be brought out the same way. One of His signs is that He created you from dust and—lo and behold!—you became human and scattered far and wide. He sends water down from the sky to restore the earth to life after death. There truly are signs in this for those who use their reason.
—from The Byzantines (30:19–24)
water as gift
He sends water from the sky that fills riverbeds to overflowing, each according to its measure. The stream carries on its surface a growing layer of froth, like the froth that appears when people melt metals in the fire to make ornaments and tools: in this way God illustrates truth and falsehood—the froth disappears, but what is of benefit to man stays behind—this is how God makes illustrations.
—from Thunder (13:17)
fresh water separated from salt water
Who is it that made the earth a stable place to live? Who made rivers flow through it? Who set immovable mountains on it and created a barrier between the fresh and salt water? Is it another god beside God? No! But most of them do not know.
Muslim scholars who have explained the previous verse mention that the heavens and earth were once one, and then God caused them to separate and form into the seven heavens and Earth.  Yet, due to the limitations of science and technology at the time of the revelation of the Quran (and for centuries to follow), no scholar was able to give much detail about how exactly the heavens and earth were created.  What the scholars could explain was the precise meaning of each word in Arabic in the verse, as well as the overall meaning of the verse.
In the previous verse, the Arabic words ratq and fataq are used.  The word ratq can be translated into “entity” “sewn to” “joined together” or “closed up”.  The meaning of these translations all circulate around something that is mixed and that has a separate and distinct existence.  The verb fataq is translated into “We unstitched” “We clove them asunder” “We separated” or “We have opened them”.  These meanings imply that something comes into being by an action of splitting or tearing apart.  The sprouting of a seed from the soil is a good example of a similar illustration of the meaning of the verb fataq.
 With the introduction of the Big Bang theory, it soon became clear to Muslim scholars that the details mentioned with regards to the theory go identically hand in hand with the description of the creation of the universe in verse 30 of chapter 21 of the Quran.  The theory states that all the matter in the universe came into existence from one single extremely hot and dense point; that exploded and brought about the beginning of the universe, matches what is mentioned in the verse that the heaven and Earth (thus the universe) where once joined together, and  then split apart.  Once again, the only possible explanation is that Prophet Muhammad had truly received divine revelation from God, The Creator and Originator of the universe.

SOURCE :

The Quran on the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory - The ...*

 


  'The tops and bottoms were adjacent, we separated them.'


new theories 
by 

Prof. Dr. İbrahim Esinler

21|30|أَوَلَمْ يَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَٰهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

E ve lem yerellezîne keferû ennes semâvâti vel arda kânetâ retkan fe fetaknâhuma, ve cealnâ minel mâi kulle şey’in hayy, e fe lâ yu’minûn.
In the verse, Almighty Allah stated that the heavens and the earth were once adjacent. This word (رَتْقًا) is the word ratkan and when we look at the meanings of this word;
It is used in the sense of "close", "to bring together" (mend), "one piece" (solid), "impervious".
Dict. and Gloss of Quran by Penrice, page 55
Considering the meaning of the word, it is clearly seen that the heavens and the earth (everything in the Universe) were once adjacent, so adjacent that they could not be penetrated. What is in the skies? There are billions of galaxies, billions of stars in each galaxy, many planets around each star, and many satellites orbiting these planets. There is even dark matter and dark energy in the universe. These include the four fundamental forces at work in the universe. These forces are gravitational force, electro-magnetic force, weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force.
According to the verse, once upon a time, everything in the universe (including our Earth, naturally) was so adjacent that it was impossible to get between them. Its meaning is too important to be included. You can get in between anything and everything in the universe. It can even penetrate between atoms. Atoms break apart and protons and neutrons come out of them. Neutrons, protons and electrons can also be split into pieces. The structure that cannot be penetrated in the universe and that there is nothing smaller than itself is the string, which is 10-33 cm in size. This is equivalent to 1 Planck length. Yes, it really seems impossible to believe, but once upon a time, our entire universe and everything in it (including our Earth) was 1 Planck long and adjacent (together) at an impenetrable distance. In fact, when the universe was first formed with the Big Bang, this Planck length did not exist. There was only singularity. None of the space dimensions existed (0 dimensions).

55|7|وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلْمِيزَانَ

Ve s-semâe refeahâ ve vedaal mîzân

.And the sky; raised him up; and set the balance.


(رَفَعَ) The root of the word rafea (رفع) is to lift (lift, raise), to lift something up (heave up, to inflate the sail, heave up the anchor), to increase (exalt). means to expand (enhance), take off (take off). (Hans Wehr 4th ed., page 404 (of 1303))
When all these are combined, it is clearly understood that Almighty Allah elevates the universe while building it, in other words, adds dimension to it.
The word fatq (فَتَقْ) mentioned in the verse means: bursting, hernia, split, separation, rupture, opening place.
The meanings of this word in a reputable Arabic-English dictionary Steingass, page 774 (of 1241);
It is a great miracle that Almighty Allah chose this word. Because this word points to the big bang that explains how our universe was formed. With the Big Bang, our universe ballooned (herniated) from a single point with great inflation, and space and earth were formed. First, the four fundamental forces separated from each other, then subatomic particles formed, and subatomic particles formed atoms. With the help of gravitational force, black holes, galaxies, stars, planets and everything in the universe were formed.
Even a genius physicist like Albert Einstein, who made a great contribution to humanity, believed that the universe was static in the 1910s. He had to abandon this idea after it was discovered that the universe was expanding. Despite this, 1400 years ago, the Quran said that the universe was not static, on the contrary, it was expanding at an accelerating pace. Click for the article on this subject.
The Quran gave information about the first state of the universe in verse 21:30. It states that the universe was contiguous in the first Planck time (when the entire universe was a single point at Planck distance), that Almighty Allah separated the entire universe and created everything in the universe with this separation. Even living organisms like us are formed from structures that were once adjacent and separated by Almighty Allah.
Considering the tearing meaning of the word fatq in the verse (فَتَقْ), it comes to mind that Almighty Allah may have given a sign about the formation of the Big Bang. M theory predicts that the Big Bang occurred as a result of the rupture of two parallel membranes upon contact. Almighty Allah may have pointed this out as well. Allah knows best.
The formation of the Big Bang. The formation of the universe by the rupture, herniation and ballooning of two membranes upon contact.
The image below shows everything in the universe (including Earth) being separated while being adjacent at a distance of 1 Planck. (with Big Bang)
via Prof. Dr. İbrahim Esinler
















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    between the backbone and ribs?

      warning : there are  a lot of alternative explanations A version of the above objection is misplaced. The Qur’ān does not refer to sperm, ...