7 Nisan 2018 Cumartesi

lowest heaven ? / seven heavens ?


“And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars and have made [from] them what is
thrown at the devils and have prepared for them the punishment of the Blaze.” [67:5]


it is very clearly mentioned that the some thing is thrown away from the stars in the NEAREST HEAVEN !

What is nearest heaven ??

.. let the science discover what is outside this first heaven called universe. Do not hustle to discover every thing in the 20()()s. Some scientific discoveries should be left for the years to come. [Possible explanation from Multi-verse of Strings Theory,to be explained later]


But the holy book Quran clearly gives the definition of “nearest heaven ” in the same verse… i.e. “…beautified the nearest heaven with stars

Therefore it is confirmed that QURAN TALKING ABOUT THE GALAXIES OF STARS and rather then the earth’s ionosphere or meteoroids!


another Proof:

The previous verse (67:4) says
 
 

Then return [your] vision twice again. [Your] vision will return to you humbled while it is fatigued.

.. i.e look at the farthest part where you can see through naked eye…. naked eyes can see as far as the farthest stars in the MILKYWAY and not just the Ionosphere or Troposphere of earth !

SOURCE:

Arama Sonuçları

Understood by us as ‘the lowest Heaven’, the expression ‘sama-ud dunya’ appears in the Quran in three instances (37:6, 41:12, 67:5).
Here we use the word ‘Heaven’ to mean a physical Heaven (sky or celestial system) rather than a spiritual one.
Below we will try to grasp the actual meaning of the expression ‘sama-ud dunya’ while reading the related, interactive verses.
We understand ‘sama-ud dunya’ as ‘the lowest Heaven’
The word ‘dunya’ has been traditionally understood as ‘this world’ or ‘the present world’, as a counterpart of ‘the next world’ or ‘the hereafter’.

Though this understanding of ‘dunya’ is fine for most of its uses (e.g. 2:85, 3:14, 6:32, 10:64, 10:98), however, it doesn’t seem correct or appropriate in the expressions like ‘sama-ud dunya’ (‘Heaven of dunya’).
Now, the root of the word ‘dunya’ – the triliteral root dāl nūn wāw – occurs 133 times in the Quran, in several derived forms, e.g.: yud’nīna (to draw; 33:59), danā (drew nearer; 53:8), adnā (lowly; 2:61, 7:169), adnā (nearer, closer; 2:282, 5:108, 53:9, 32:21), adnā (nearest; lowest point; 30:3), adnā (less; 58:7, 73:20), dānin (near; 55:54), dāniyatun (near, hanging near, hanging low; 69:23, 76:14, 6:99) and dun’yā (the nearer end, which is the opposite of quswa or the farther end; 8:42).
When we compare the meanings of all the above forms, it becomes clear that the word ‘dunya’ originally connotes something nearest, lowest, current, existing, present, instant, immediate and so on.
Considering the above meanings of ‘dunya’ – and the observation that ‘sama-ud dunya’ in the Quran potrays the lowest of the seven celestial systems made of organized astronomical components – we feel ‘sama-ud dunya’ can be best translated as ‘the immediate/ lowest/ nearest Heaven’, or, preferably, ‘the lowest Heaven’.

‘The lowest Heaven’ is atmosphere ? the Solar system? or milky way  ?or the universe we are living in/ 7. universe ?
It is interesting to observe that the expression ‘the lowest Heaven’ – in each of its three appearances in the Quran (37:6, 41:12, 67:5) – invariably follows a mention of the whole Universe (‘sabaa samawat’ or ‘seven Heavens’), wherefrom it directly descends to describe the Solar system or milky way or the universe or , i.e. the family of the Sun and its planets (‘kaukab’, NOT ‘najm’ or stars):
So He ordained them seven Heavens in two periods, and inspired in every Heaven its function. And We adorned the lowest Heaven with lights and security: such is the decree of the Mighty, the Knowing. 41:12
He who has created seven Heavens in harmony one above anotherno fault will you see in the creation of the Most Gracious. …
And indeed We have adorned the lowest Heaven with lights, and We have made it missiles for the evil ones. 67:3-5
The Sustainer of the Heavens and the Earth and all that is between them, and the Sustainer of all the points of sunrise:
We have indeed adorned the lowest Heaven with an ornament, the planets, 
And security from every rebellious evil force. 37:5-7
Remarkably above, the ‘lights’ mentioned in the first two
 passages (‘adorned the lowest Heaven with lights’) are clarified in 37:5-7 as ‘planets’ (‘adorned the lowest Heaven with an ornament, the planets’).
Here is an example of similar instances, where an elliptic depiction of ‘seven Heavens’ descends to ‘the lowest Heaven’, confirming it again as the SOLAR SYSTEM or MİLKY WAYor the UNİVERSE by pointing to the Sun:
And We have built above you seven Strong Ones,
And have appointed a dazzling Lamp. 78:12-13
These verses are further explained below, where the description of ‘seven Heavens’ once again descends to ‘the lowest Heaven’, confirming it once again as the SOLAR SYSTEM or the  MİLKY WAY  or  the universe, on this occasion by clearly referring to the Sun and the Moon:
See you not how God has created the seven Heavens, one above another?
And has set up in them the Moon as a light, and set up the Sun a Lamp?  71:15-16

Furthermore, an identical trend is consistently noticeable over and over again throughout the Quran, where a description of the whole Universe (i.e. ‘seven Heavens’) similarly descends to the Solar system or milky way  (i.e. ‘the lowest Heaven’). Examples: 41:12, 67:3-5, 37:4-7, 78:12-13, 71:15-16; cf. 6:75-78, 10:3-6, 13:2-3, 14:32-33, 15:14-18, 21:30-33, 24:35, 25:59-62, 31:25-29, 36:28-40, 39:5, 57:4-6, 79:27-31.
Thus the expression ‘sama-ud dunya’ – which can be reasonably translated as ‘the lowest Heaven’ as it invariably refers to the lowest of the ‘Sabaa samawat’ (‘seven Heavens’) – in fact SIGNIFIES THE SOLAR SYSTEM or MİLKY WAY or  UNİVERSE  in modern scientific sense.
Conclusion
‘The lowest Heaven’ is atmosphere ? the Solar system? or milky way  ?or the universe we are living in/ 7. universe ?
It is the Solar family, with the Sun at the centre together with all its planets, their moons and other celestial bodies that revolve around it.
 Interestingly, throughout the Quran one can observe a clear distinction between the UNIVERSE (‘Sabaa samawat’ or ‘seven Heavens’, which appears in the Quran in ‘seven instances’; 2:29, 17:44, 23:86, 41:12, 65:12, 67:3, 71:15) and the SOLAR SYSTEM or MİLKY WAY (‘sama-ud dunya’ or ‘lowest Heaven’; 37:6, 41:12, 67:5; cf. 6:75-78, 6:96, 7:54, 10:5-6, 12:4, 13:2-3, 14:33, 16:12, 21:33, 22:18, 24:35, 25:61-62, 31:29, 35:13, 36:38-40, 39:5, 41:37, 78:12-13, 79:29-30, 84:16–18, 91:1-4; cf. 6:74-79, 12:4, 24:35, 37:1-7, 82:2; cf. 2:164, 3:27, 3:190, 7:54, 10:6, 22:61, 23:80, 24:44, 45:5, 25:62, 31:29, 35:13, 36:40, 39:5, 57:6, 91:3-4, 92:1-2). This is another subject that we will discuss elsewhere.
SOURCE :LAMP OF İSLAM 
Moon: Qamer(القمر)/ Nur(النور) / Munir(منير)
Sun  : Siraj(سراج)shams
Star  : Najm(نجم)

But in some verses Allah used different words to talk about some other facts of universe.
Quran 41:12,67:5= Masabih(مَصَابِيحَ)= Lamps,brights/ filters(quran24:35)=atmosphere,auroras,van allen belts
Quran 37:6-10= Kawakib(كَوَاكِبِ)=natural Satellites- moons/ Asteroids/planets/ dwarf planets/comets
Shihab(شِهَابًا)= Blazing Flame
Rujuman(رُجُومًا)= Missiles (throwing )/

conjecture


"It is He Who created everything on the earth for you and then directed His attention up to heaven and arranged it into seven regular heavens. He has knowledge of all things." [Qur'an, 2:29]
"Then He turned to heaven when it was smoke. In two days He determined them as seven heavens and revealed, in every heaven, its own mandate." [Qur'an, 41:11-12]
The word "heavens," which appears in many verses in the Qur'an, is used to refer to the sky above the Earth, as well as the entire universe. Given this meaning of the word, it is seen that the Earth's sky, or the atmosphere, is made up of seven layers.
Today, it is known that the world's atmosphere consists of different layers that lie on top of each other.19 Based on the criteria of chemical contents or air temperature, the definitions made have determined the atmosphere of the earth as seven layers.20 According to the "Limited Fine Mesh Model (LFMMII)," a model of atmosphere used to estimate weather conditions for 48 hours, the atmosphere is also 7 layers. According to the modern geological definitions the seven layers of atmosphere are as follows:

1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Exosphere
6. Ionosphere
7. Magnetosphere

Seven Layers Of The Atmosphere

There are two meaning of saba'a (seven in arabic)

1)    It is used for the number "seven". (Mufridaat-ul-Quran).

2)   It is also used in the meaning of "several" or "many" (lughat-ul-Quran).

 

When Allah says that there are seven heavens then it means that there are several atmospheric layers. Today science says that there are several layers of the atmosphere.

The Qur'an says, "[He] revealed, in every heaven, its own mandate," in Surah Fussilat 12. In other words, Allah is stating that He assigned each heaven its own duty. Truly, as will be seen in following chapters, each one of these layers has vital duties for the benefit of human kind and all other living things on the Earth. Each layer has a particular function, ranging from forming rain to preventing harmful rays, from reflecting radio waves to averting the harmful effects of meteors.
The verses below inform us about the appearance of the seven layers of the atmosphere:
"Do you not see how He created seven heavens in layers?" [Qur'an, 71:15]
"He Who created the seven heavens in layers…" [Qur'an, 67:3]
The atmosphere only lets rays required for life reach the Earth. For example, ultraviolet rays make it to the world only partially. This is the most appropriate range to allow plants to make photosynthesis and eventually for all living things to survive.
The Arabic word "tibaqan" in these verses, translated into English as "layer" means "layer, the appropriate cover or covering for something," and thus stresses how the top layer is well suited to the lower. The word is also used in the plural here: "layers." The sky, described in the verse as being in layers, is without doubt the most perfect expression of the atmosphere

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Are There Seven Heavens or Several Heavens?***

 Meanings of Sama: One of the meanings is absolute highness: "Do you feel secure that He, Who is over the Sama (Allâh), will not cause the earth to sink with you, then behold it shakes (as in an earthquake)?" (Al-Mulk 67:16).  Another meaning is just highness: "Verily! We have seen the turning of your (Muhammad's) face towards the Sama. Surely, We shall turn you to a Qiblah (prayer direction) that shall please you." (Al-Baqarah 2:144).  In some verses it means a canopy of seven Firmaments: "Who has made the Ardh (earth) a resting place for you, and the Sama as a canopy" (Al-Baqarah 2:22).  In another usage, it indicates clouds: "Or like a rainstorm from the Sama (clouds), wherein is darkness, thunder, and lightning" (Al-Baqarah 2:19).  More over, meanings include rain from clouds: "And We poured out on them the Sama (rain from the clouds) in abundance, and made the rivers flow under them" (Al-An'am 6:6).  In some context, it reveals earths Atmosphere: "Allâh is He Who sends the winds, so they raise clouds, and spread them along the Sama as He wills" (Ar-Rum 30:48).  Finally, it means the solar system: "Verily! We have adorned the near Sama with the planets (for beauty)." (As-Saffat 37:6).  Also the word Sama as mentioned in some Hadiths can mean: stars; galaxies and clusters.

 Regarding the number “seven” as used also in “seven heavens” Muhammad Ali comments on Qur’an 2:29 which states: “He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. And He directed Himself to the heaven, so He made them complete seven hea-vens; and He is Knower of all things.” Muhammad Ali:“It is impossible to deal with the subject of the Quranic cosmogony within the limits of a footnote. But a few suggestions may be made here. In the first place, it should be noted that the word sab’a, which signifies the number seven, is also used in a vague manner, as meaning seven, or more, several or many(LL). According to LA, the Arabic equivalents of the numbers seven, seventy, and seven hundredare all used to indicate a large number by the Arabs: “The mention of seven and seventyand seven hundredis frequent in the Qur’an and the sayings of the Holy Prophet, and the Arabs used them to signify a large number and multiplicity”. Similarly Az explains the word sab‘ina, meaning seventy, as occurring in 9:80, as being “used to signify a large number and multiplicity, not indicating exactness in number”(LA). Hence the seven heavens may signify a large number of heavens. Secondly, the significance of the word sama’, which means only what we see aboveus, should not be lost sight of. R makes the meaning very clear when he says: “Every sama’, i.e. heaven, is a heaven in relation to what is beneath it and an earth in relation to what is above it”. Thirdly, in 65:12 it is affirmed that as there are seven heavens so there is a like number of earths, which corroborates the conclusion drawn above. Fourthly, the seven heavens are on one occasion called the seven ways(23:17),and in this sense the orbit of a planet may be called its heaven. In fact, this interpretation makes the significance of 65:12 very clear, for each of the seven earths will thus have a heaven for it. The seven earths together with our earth would thus make up the eight major primary planets of the solar system. Or, the seven heavens may be taken to apply to the whole starry creation, and the reference may in this case be to the seven magnitudes of the stars which may be seen by the naked eye. One point more may be noted here. The sama’ or the heavenis plainly called dukhan, i.e. smokeor vapour, in 41:11.”   (Qur’an 65:12, as noted by MA, states: “Allāh is He Who created seven heavens, and of the earth the like thereof.”
 Allāh also tells us that there is more than one world: “Praise be to Allāh, the Lord of the WORLDS”–Qur’an 1:1; 6:45, 71, 162; 7:54; 26:109, 192; 40:64; 41:9; 81:29; 83:6; among other places).
   And that there are beings on other planets: “There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes to the Beneficent as a servant…And everyone of them will come to Him on the day of Resurrection alone;” “And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and what He has spread forth in both of them of living beings. And He is All-powerful to gather them together, when He will”–(Qur’an 19:93-95; 42:29).

   Heavens refer not only to the sun and moon but to all objects: “And the heaven, We raised it high with power, and We are Makers of the vast extent.”–(Qur’an 51:47).( via  no god but allah.org )

Depiction of a multiverse of seven "bubble" universes, which are separate spacetime continua, each having different physical lawsphysical constants, and perhaps even different numbers of dimensions or topologies.

 Some speculative theories have proposed that our Universe is but one of a set of disconnected universes, collectively denoted as the multiverse, challenging or enhancing more limited definitions of the Universe.[19][127] Scientific multiverse models are distinct from concepts such as alternate planes of consciousness and simulated reality.
 It is possible to conceive of disconnected spacetimes, each existing but unable to interact with one another.[130][132] An easily visualized metaphor of this concept is a group of separate soap bubbles, in which observers living on one soap bubble cannot interact with those on other soap bubbles, even in principle.[133] According to one common terminology, each "soap bubble" of spacetime is denoted as a universe, whereas our particular spacetime is denoted as the Universe,[19] just as we call our moon the Moon. The entire collection of these separate spacetimes is denoted as the multiverse.[19] With this terminology, different Universes are not causally connected to each other.[19] In principle, the other unconnected Universes may have different dimensionalities and topologies of spacetime, different forms of matter and energy, and different physical laws and physical constants, although such possibilities are purely speculative.[19] Others consider each of several bubbles created as part of chaotic inflation to be separate Universes, though in this model these universes all share a causal origin.[19]



Multiverse - Wikipedia**

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 https://www.miracles-of-quran.com/seven_heavens.html


Renowned thinker, writer and Head of Chair in Islamic Studies & Research, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Dr. Javed Jamil in his paper , “Exploring the Seven “Heavens” (Sab’a Samaawaat) of Qur’an in Astrophysics” published in  Researchgate and has discussed in detail the possible meaning and location of Qur’anic heavens. He has argued that the Qur’anic description of the seven heavens and their components comes very close to the description of the astrophysical entities like planet, star, galaxy, cluster, Supercluster, etc… Qur’anic terms like najm, kawaakib, buruj, masabih, shihaab-a[-thaqib, tariq, etc too have corresponding entities in astronomical sciences.”


Following are the major points of the paper:

1.      The gravitational field of the Earth including atmosphere forms the First Cosmic Tier. Qur’an  describes all the major components of this tier and their functions. These include the ability of safeguarding the earth from harmful rays, the components of the atmosphere like clouds, rains and how birds fly in the air.

2.      Qur’an terms the Second Cosmic Tier as “Sama-al-dunya”, the Cosmic Tier, which contains the Planet Earth indicating the Solar System. Qur’an describes all the major constituents of the Solar System, namely Sun, Planets, Satellites, Asteroids and Meteors.

3.      al-samaai daatil hubuk”(Cosmic Tier of Pathways) used in Quran appears to correspond to the Third Cosmic Tier, our Galaxy, which interestingly is known as Milky Way or the Milky Pathway, which contains numerous star systems like our Solar System. The galaxy our Sun lies in is called the Milky Way or the Galaxy.


4.      ”Sama’an burujan” may indicate the Cluster which has numerous galaxies including Milky Way. The name of our cluster is Local Group.

5.      “as-samaai daatir-raj’i” appears to point towards our Supercluster, which contains Great Attractor. A Supercluster is among the largest-known structures of the cosmos containing large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group galaxy  (which contains more than 54 galaxies), which in turn is part of the Virgo Cluster, which is part of the Laniakea Supercluster. This Supercluster is known to span over 500 million light-years, while the Local Group spans over 10 million light-years.

6.      The Arabic word “tariq” closest to Quasars, the most shining object in the universe situated at a huge distance, which may be part of the sixth Cosmic Tier. There is no name given yet to the collection of super clusters. Quasars are among the brightest and most distant known celestial objects and are crucial to understanding the early universe. Quasars emit energies of millions, billions, or even trillions of electron volts. This energy exceeds the total of the light of all the stars within a galaxy. The brightest objects in the universe, they shine anywhere from 10 to 100,000 times brighter than the Milky Way.

 

7.      The Seventh Cosmic Tier is the universe as a whole with outermost or the uppermost region containing certain wondrous places. This uppermost part of the Universe may be invisible for now. It may contain some of the offices and the Lauhe Mahfuz (Secured Disc), which may be the centre of all the programs of the Universe.

8.      So, the atmosphere and the gravitational field of the Earth is the first Cosmic Tier, which is part of the Solar System (the Second Cosmic Tier), which is a part of our galaxy, the Milky Way (Third Cosmic Tier), which is part of our galactic cluster, the Local Group (Fourth Cosmic Tier), which is a part of our Supercluster, the Laniakea Supercluster (Fifth Cosmic Tier), which is a part of Sixth Cosmic Sphere containing Quasar, which is ultimately part of the Universe as a whole with uppermost layer encompassing the Universe, perhaps not yet visible Seventh Cosmic Tier. Alternatively, Virgo may be the Fifth and Laniakea Supercluster may be the Sixth Cosmic Tier followed by the most distant Part containing Quasars and the Secured Disc.

 Dr. Jamil hopes that “in coming decades, hopefully the whole structure of the universe will become better known and we will be in a better position to understand the Qur’anic wonders”.( via muslimmirror.com )

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between the backbone and ribs?

  warning : there are  a lot of alternative explanations A version of the above objection is misplaced. The Qur’ān does not refer to sperm, ...