General relativity describes how spacetime is curved and bent by mass and energy (gravity). The topology or geometry of the Universe includes both local geometry in the observable universeand global geometry. Cosmologists often work with a given space-like slice of spacetime called the comoving coordinates. The section of spacetime which can be observed is the backward light cone, which delimits the cosmological horizon. The cosmological horizon (also called the particle horizon or the light horizon) is the maximum distance from which particles can have traveled to the observer in the age of the Universe. This horizon represents the boundary between the observable and the unobservable regions of the Universe.[64][65] The existence, properties, and significance of a cosmological horizon depend on the particular cosmological model.
An important parameter determining the future evolution of the Universe theory is the density parameter,
Omega (Ω), defined as the average matter density of the universe
divided by a critical value of that density. This selects one of three
possible geometries depending
on whether Ω is equal to, less than, or greater than 1. These are
called, respectively, the flat, open and closed universes.[66]
Observations, including the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe(WMAP), and Planck maps of the CMB, suggest that the Universe is infinite in extent with a finite age, as described by the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) models.[67][61][68][69] These FLRW models thus support inflationary models and the standard model of cosmology, describing a flat, homogeneous universe presently dominated by dark matter and dark energy( by wikipedia )
"The
local geometry of the universe is determined by whether Omega is less
than, equal to or greater than 1. From top to bottom: a spherical
universe, a hyperbolic universe, and a flat universe."
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) has confirmed that the universe is flat with
only a 0.5% margin of error. Within the
Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model, the presently most
popular shape of the Universe found to fit observational data according
to cosmologists is the infinite flatmodel, while other FLRW models that fit the data include the Poincaré dodecahedral space and the Picard horn.
Actually spacetime can be folded like a book. We know this from the Einstein-Rosen Bridge (wormhole).
Wormholes are equivalent to folding spacetime like a book.
Wormholes are equivalent to folding spacetime like a book.
The verse suggests the folding or rolling up to take place at end times and not now, so in order to the Einstein-Rosen Bridge (wormhole) theory to exist nowadays, one has not to link it to this verse and rather link the verse to the flat universe theory
- [Quran
21.104] On the day when We will fold the heaven, like the folder
compacts the books, and as We originated the first creation We shall
return it; a promise (binding on Us); surely We will deliver.
- “A
wormhole is a theoretical 'tunnel' or shortcut, predicted by Einstein's
theory of relativity, that links two places in space-time - visualized
above as the contours of a 3-D map, where negative energy pulls space
and time into the mouth of a tunnel, emerging in another universe. They
remain only hypothetical, as obviously nobody has ever seen one, but
have been used in films as conduits for time travel - in Stargate
(1994), for example, involving gated tunnels between universes, and in
Time Bandits (1981), where their locations are shown on a celestial
map.”
Here God promises to make the Big Crunch not by gravity but rather by folding the Heavens like a book, that is, by the same mechanism He controls wormholes. This means that this Big Crunch can begin and end in a fraction of a second! ( via speed-light .info )
The Miracle of the Space Fabric - Mentioned in the Glorious Quran and confirmed by Science.
Shape Of Universe in Quran - Miracles of Quran
So
a flat Universe would mean that drawn parallel lines remain parallel –
and herein lies the key. Broadly speaking and simplifying things,
scientists noted that the light from several galaxies remains parallel
to each other, across large distances of the universe. The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) telescope gave some very strong evidence that the observable universe is indeed flat, and the implications are puzzling.
“One of the reasons we care is that a flat universe has implications for whether the universe is infinite,” said David Schlegel, a member of the Physics Division of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “That means – while we can’t say with certainty that it will never come to an end – it’s likely the universe extends forever in space and will go on forever in time. Our results are consistent with an infinite universe.”
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Here’s an excellent video which details why the Universe is probably flat:
Mihai Andrei
Mihai Andrei
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another claim :
''If
the universe is open, parallel lines diverge with distance. So the
light from our distant galaxy becomes more parallel as it reaches us.
This means the galaxy would appear smaller than it is. If the universe
is closed, the opposite bending of light occurs, and the galaxy would
appear larger than it is.
In a new paper published in Nature, a team looked not at galaxies, but rather fluctuations within the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The CMB is
the remnant light from the big bang, and it is the most distant light
we can see in the universe. Because of this, it is the light most
affected by the shape of the universe. The scale of fluctuations in the CMB is
determined by the amount of dark matter and dark energy in the
universe, which we know, so we know how large the fluctuations should
appear. When the team analyzed the CMB data
from the Plank spacecraft, they found the fluctuations were larger than
expected. This means that to within a 99% certainty the universe is
closed, not flat.'' Mihai Andrei
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